Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Cells of Immune System > Flashcards

Cells of Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

where do the cells of the immune system circulate

A

bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where do the cells of immune syst migrate

A

into tissues to detect foreign antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do cells of immune syst accumulate

A

in specialised organs - develop and differentiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do all cells f immune syst derive form

A

haemopoetic stem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can happen to haemopoetic stem cell

A

diff to

  • common lymphoid precursor
  • megakaryocyte
  • granulocyte
  • mast cell
  • monocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens to a common lymphoid precursor

A

to T b or NK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues

A

macrophage interdigitating and dendritic –> ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happens to mgakaryocytehs

A

break to platelets used to clot blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where are B cells from

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are T cells from

A

thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many lymphocytes in blood

A

2 x 10(^6)/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are lymphocytes involved in

A

recognition and effector functions toward antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the myeloid lineage of leucocytes compose of

A

granulocytes

monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many granulocytes in blood

A

9 x 10(^6)/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how long do granulocytes last

A

short lived (2-3 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the granulocytes and quantity

A

neutrophils (60-70%)
eosinophils (2-5%)
basophils (0.2%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are granulocytes involved in

A

effector functions toward antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how many monocytes in blood

A

1 x 10(^5)/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are monocytes involved in

A

recognition and effector functions

remove particulate matter e.g. microbes or aged RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how are mast cells related to basophils

A

overlap in function, distinction of how they arise and where situated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where are mast cells found

A

in tissue whilst basophils in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do granules of a neutrophil contain

A

lysosomes

secondary granules with lactoferrin and lysozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are lysosomes

A

acid hydrolyses, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the nucleus like in a neutrophil

A

multi lobular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what do neutrophils do

A

adhere to endo cells lining blood vessels and squeeze between them to leave circulation and enter tissues - DIAPEDESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are neutrophils predominant role

A

phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does lysozyme do

A

break down cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what does lactoferrin do

A

holds iron which can be used by cell later, microbes may need iron to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what si the nucleus like of eosinophils

A

bilobed nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what does the crystalloid core of granule contain

A

major basic protein - potent toxin for helminth worms
cationic protein
derived neurotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what happens when granules activated

A

opened

killing of large pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how many basophils in circualtion

A

in very small nums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what triggers basophils

A

allergens to release the contents of their granules –> allergic response

34
Q

what kind of nucleus does basophils have

A

segmented nucleus

large cytoplasmic granules

35
Q

what do basophils contain

A

histamine and leukotrienes = allergic reaction

36
Q

what is the nucleus like in a monocyte

A

takes up majority of cell cyto horseshoe shaped

37
Q

what do lysosomes in monocyte contain

A

peroxidase and acid hydrolyses - imp for killing phagocytose microorganisms

38
Q

where are kupffer cells found

A

in liver

39
Q

where are mesangial cells found

A

kidney

40
Q

where are alveolar macrophages found

A

lungs

41
Q

where are microglial cells found

A

brain

42
Q

where are sinus macrophages found

A

spleen, lymph nodes

43
Q

where are serosal macrophages found

A

peritoneal cavity

44
Q

how long do cells of mononuclear phagocyte system last

A

long lived (month or years)

45
Q

what is major function of cells of mononuclear phagocyte system

A

disposal of microbes and dead body cells through phagocytosis

46
Q

what are the accessory cells

A

platelets
antigen presenting cells
mast cells
endothelial cells

47
Q

how many platelets in blood

A

5 x 10(^9).ml

48
Q

what are platelets involved in

A

blood clotting and inflam

49
Q

what do antigen presenting cells do

A

present antigen to T cells

50
Q

what do mast cells do

A

structurally and functionally similar to basophils - in CT and close to mucosal surfaces

51
Q

what do endothelial cells do

A

receptors recognise certain lymphocytes - control lymphocyte traffic and distribution

52
Q

what do APC’s produce

A

cytokines and present antigens to t cells

53
Q

what is key role of lymphocytes

A

role in cellular and humoral immunity

circulate body

54
Q

where lymphocytes found

A

blood, lymph and specialised tissues

55
Q

how long do lymphocytes last

A

long lived - memory cells

56
Q

what does removal of lymphocytes result in

A

inability to produce antibody

inability to carry out cellular immunity

57
Q

what does the spleen protect against

A

blood bourne antigens

58
Q

what lymphoid organs react to antigens in lymph entering via skin/mucosal surface

A

lymph node

mesenteric lymph node

59
Q

what lymphoid organs recat to antigens entering via mucosal surfaces

A

waldezyers ring
lymphoid nodules
peyeres patches
urogenital lymphoid tissue

60
Q

what is differentiation controlled by

A

specific growth factors

61
Q

what do the common lymphoid precursors diff to

A

25% - bone marrow B cells
60% - thymus T cells
15% - NK cells

62
Q

what are monoclonal antibodies used for

A

study cells surfaces

63
Q

what are cell markers sp to

A

one antigenic determinant

64
Q

what do cell markers who when studying immune system

A

cluster of differentiation

65
Q

what are CD marker on helper T cells

A

CD3

CD4

66
Q

what are CD markers on cytotoxic T cells

A

CD3

CD8

67
Q

what are CD markers on B cells

A

CD19

CD20

68
Q

what are CD markers on NK cells

A

CD16

69
Q

what is on all T cell surfaces of CD harder

A

CD3

70
Q

why is specificity acquired in 1 lymphoid organs

A

education to distinguish self/non-self

71
Q

when do B and T cells no function

A

when not activated

72
Q

when does activation of Ba nd T cells occur

A

on meeting antigen binding to ti by antigen receptor

73
Q

what do b cells diff to

A

plasma cells

have a lot of rER factories for making lg

74
Q

what do t cells diff to

A

activated Tc no rER have granules containing proteins involved in killing

activated Th develop ability to prod GF’s or lymphokines

75
Q

what does clonal expression produce

A

more activated cells and memory cells

gives more rapid, effective response

76
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes
spleen
MALT

77
Q

what happens in secondary lymphoid organs

A

immune response occurs here

lymphocytes and APC brought together

78
Q

what roles of pahogocytic cells derived cels from monocytes

A

phagocytosis
conc of antigen
processing and present antigen to t cells
secretion GF’s and cytokines

79
Q

for an immune response need

A

cooperation between B, T, and APC

80
Q

what does a immune response require

A

cell to cell contact

secretion of cytokines

Immunology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions