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Immunology > Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

what is he immune system

A

system has self tolerant mechanisms - when breakdown autoimmunity occur

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2
Q

what develops in autoimmunity

A

autorecative T cells and Ab which recognise self antigens

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3
Q

what is an organ specific autoimmunity

A

hasjmoto’s thyroiditis

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4
Q

what kind of autoimmunity involves many organs

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

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5
Q

what is SLE

A

non organ sp

one of dominant Ab directed ag cell nucleus

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6
Q

what happens in hashimotts disease

A

enlarged thyroid

Ab directed against thyroglobulin

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7
Q

what is the normal pathology of thyroid gland

A

acing epithelial cells secerete thyroglobulin into colloid spaces

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8
Q

what happens to pathology of thyroid gland in hashimotos disease

A

normal architecture virtually destroyed, replaced by invading cells - lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells

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9
Q

in autoimmunity Ab bind to

A

self antigens

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10
Q

what are Ab said to be

A

in serum

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11
Q

what are some autoimmune thyroid diseases

A

hashimoto’s thyrodiditis

primary myoexedema thyrotoxicosis

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12
Q

what is an autoimmune disease of stomach

A

pernicious anaemia

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13
Q

what is an autoimmune disease of adrenal gland

A

addison disease

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14
Q

what is the autoimmune disease of pancreas

A

insulin dept diabetes mellitus

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15
Q

what re some non organ sp autoimmune diseases

A

muscle - dermatomyositis
kidney - SLE
skin - scleroderma
Joints - rheumatoid arthritis

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16
Q

can an individual have more than one autoimmune disease at a time

A

yes

rheumatoid arthritis often ass with SLE

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17
Q

are autoimmune diseases hereditary

A

can occur in families

certain HLA haplotypes predispose to autoimmunity

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18
Q

what are the HLA haplotypes for hashimotos

A

HLA - DR5

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19
Q

what re the HLA haplotypes for RA

A

HLA-DR1

HLA-DR4

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20
Q

what are the HLA assc fro addisons

A

HLA- B8

HLA- DR3

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21
Q

what r the assc HLA asc with IDDM

A

HLA- DR3
HLA- DR4
HLA- DR3/4

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22
Q

what are the HA assc with myasthenia gravis

A

HLA - DR3

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23
Q

what are the HLA assc fro multiple sclerosis

A

HLA - DR2

HLA - DQ6

24
Q

what are the HLA assc with SLE

A

HLA - DR2/3

25
Q

what is the prevalence of autoimmune diseases

A

3.5% population have

26
Q

who are more likely to autoimmune diseases men or woman

A

woman
2.7 X more likely
to do with sex hormones?

27
Q

what can be seen as a typical sign of SLE in the face

A

‘malar’ flush

28
Q

what is thyrotoxicosis ( graves disease)

A

human Ab directly pathogenic

act on receptor stimulating thyroid cell and over prod of thyroid hormones

29
Q

what causes pernicsiou anaemia

A

auto ab against intrinsic factor

30
Q

what does intrinsic factor normally do

A

abs Vitamin B12

31
Q

what is immunopathological damage (A)

A

when auoAb local to organ

type 2 hyper and cell mediated reactions

damage due to complement and phagocyte degranulation

32
Q

what is immunopathological damage (B)

A

immune complexes = pathogenic in system

SLE deposits of IC

type 3 hyper reactions

acute tissue damage

33
Q

what si the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis

A

inflammatory infiltrate found in synovial mem
erosion coat and bone
IC and neutrophils present in joint space
Ic = self assc of rheumatoid factors

34
Q

what are some examples affecting head and neck

A 
hashimoto thyroiditis
hashimoto's persistent goiter 
autoimmune colloid goiter
graves disease
non-goitrous hyperthyroidism
HT + Graves simultaneously
Primary Myxedema
35
Q

what does hoshimotos thyroiditis do

A

thyroid destruct

36
Q

what does hashimotos persistent goiter do

A

destroy thyroid

stimulate cell div

37
Q

what does autoimmune colloid goiter do

A

tim cell div

38
Q

what does graves disease do

A

stim cell div

stim thyroid hormone release

39
Q

what does non goitrous hyperthyroidism do

A

stim thyroid hormone syn

40
Q

what does HT + graves simultaneously do

A

destroy thyroid

stim thyroid hormone syn

41
Q

what does primary myxedema do

A

destroy thyroid
inhibit cell div
inhibit TH syn

42
Q

what is cicatricial pemphigoid

A

chronic autoimmune disease of mucosal mess and/or skin

lining of mouth common site

43
Q

what is sjogrens disease

A

chronic inflam auto disease

alone or asc with SLE, RA

44
Q

what are the majority of sjjogrens disease pt’s

A

woman

4th-5th decade show symptoms start in 1st-2nd decade

45
Q

how common is sjorgens disease

A

1-2% population

46
Q

what is sjogrens disease characterised by

A

lymphocytic infiltrate in salivary and lacrimal glands

slow destroy and replace glandular tissue with fibrotic

47
Q

what happens to saliva in sjogrens syndrome

A

lack of saliva and tear secretion
dental caries
oral candida

48
Q

what is seen from sjogrens disease

A

dry lips
dry lobulated tongue
caries

49
Q

what are ways of treat autoimmune disorders

A

metabolic control
anti inflam drugs
immunosuppressive drugs
monoclonal Ab

50
Q

what is an example of metabolic control of autoimmune disorder

A

anti thyroid drugs in graves disease

inject vitB12 in perniciuous anaemia

51
Q

what re see antiimflam drugs used ag autoimmune

A

corticosteroids or NSAIDs

52
Q

what is an immunosuppressive drugs

A

cyclosporin

53
Q

what do monoclonal Ab do

A

blockade certain cytokines or their receptors e.g. infliximab block TNF

54
Q

what is monoclonal Ab

A

prep where all mols identical

55
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis treated with

A

anti-TNF(alpha) Ab and methotrexate

56
Q

what does depletion of b cels do

A

by monoclonal Ab alleviates symptoms of SLE

57
Q

what si the marker for b cells

A

CD20

Immunology (10 decks)

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