Lymphocyte Activation Flashcards
Which T cell receptors transduce signals
CD3 and zeta-zeta (TcR cannot transduce signals)
Which part of B cell receptor serve as signaling molecules once cell engages antigen?
Igα and Igβ
Initiate early stages of lymphocyte activation by phosphorylation
ITAM (immunorecetpro tyrosine based activation motifs)
Where are ITAMs located?
Cytoplasmic portion of CD3/zeta zeta (T cells) and Igα/ Igβ (B cells)
Location of B and T cell interaction
lymph node
Lymph node is (secondary/primary) lymphatic tissue
secondary
B-cells in lymph node are found in
follicles
T cells in lymph node are found in
parafollicular zone (outside of follicles)
For B-cell initiation, how are antigen brought into lymph nodes?
By lymphatic drain
This cell binds native antigen on its membrane surface for B-cell to bind
Follicular-dendritic cell
How do appropriate T-cells and B-cells interact?
MHCII presentation on B cell; T cell activated by presence of antigen on MHC II
IL-2 receptor
receptor made by T cells in naive state
low affinity IL-2 receptor
Beta and common gamma chain
IL-2
IL-2 synthesized BY T CELL after early stages of interaction will induce creation of alpha chain on receptor. Higher affinity leads to cell division and activation
inducible factors during APC - Tcell interaction
B7 (on APC/Bcell) and CD40L (Th)
CD40L: Where found? Interacts with what?
upregulated on activate T-helper cells, interacts with CD40 on B cells and APCs
CD40L fundamental for induction of
AID (for somatic hypermutation of B cells)
membrane immunoglobins cross-link through presence of
antigen and ITAMs of BCR (phosphorylated to recruit signaling molecules)
How are membrane IgM and IgD assembled with the B cell receptor complex?
non-covalently
CD40
expressed by B-cells and APCs, interact with induced CD40L on T helper cell
CTLA-4
blocks CD28 and interacts with B7 on B cell. Has higher affinity than CD28, inhibits cell from further activation
Used in autoimmune diseases and auto sensitivity designed to block interaction of B7 to T cells
CTLA-4
What are examples of T independent responses regarding B cell activation?
Polysaccharides, lipids, and non protein antigens tend to be T-independent
Upon receiving B cell growth factors and differentiation factors from T cells, B cells can undergo
expansion and differentiation (antibody producing cells)
What initiate interactions of T cells and APCs?
Cell adhesion molecules (Selectins, vascular addressins, integrins, and immunoglobulin superfamily members)
what begins T cell activation?
T-cell receptor engages a specific MHC-peptide complex