Liver development, anatomy, and histo Flashcards
The two afferent blood supplies to the liver. % of blood, where it arises from, what it drain/supplies
- Hepatic artery -25% of blood
- comes off celiac trunk, supplies oxygenated blood - Portal vein - 75% of blood
- arises from superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
- drains blood from digestive tract and spleen; contains all the nutrients where they can be processed
Efferent blood of the liver
Hepatic Vein
-to the IVC
The structural unit of the liver
the lobule
Three major definitions of lobule structure–all different ways of looking at the same structure. What does each way emphasize?
- Classic lobule-endocrine function
- Portal lobule-excocrine function of bile secretion
- Liver Acinus lobule- metabolic function
Shapes of each type of lobule
- Classic-hexagonal
- Portal-triangular
- Liver Acinus - oval/diamond
In the Liver Acinus type of lobule, the hepatocytes are grouped into these zones. Describe their locations
Zone 1: closest to entry point of blood into sinusoids
Zone 2: intermediate
Zone 3: closest to hepatic veins
In the galbladder, what two layers are not present?
- Muscularis mucosa layer of the mucosa
- submucosa
Development of the ventral mesentery (4)
- lesser omentum
- foramen of winslow
- falciform ligament
- bare area of the liver
Developmental biology of the pancreas is an example of what type of interaction?
epithelial-mesenchymal
In development of the pancreas, the epithelium, that is derived from the embryonic germ layer ____, gives rise to ____
endoderm: endocrine islets and exocrine acini and ducts
The mesenchyme, derived from germ layer ____ is required for ____ and gives rise to ____
mesoderm, for growth of epithelium, gives rise only to CT cell derivatives
portal triad
branch of hepatic artery and portal vein, and bile ductule
Hepatic artery and portal vein join and turn into ____, which drains into the _____, which drains into the _____
direction of flow:
hepatic sinusoid, central vein (terminal hepatic venule), sublobular vein
out –> in
The hepatic sinusoid is lined by _____
endothelium cells
Ito/Stellate cells
found in hepatic sinusoids/space of Disse, store lipid and Vitamin A
Space of Disse
what occurs here?
little space between endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoids and liver cell
-macrovilli come into this space to increase SA of liver for rapid absorption and exchange with blood in sinusoids
Bile Canaliculus
found in hepatocytes: conduit system to get bile out of the liver to the bile duct
bile binds to a canaliculus, goes into these little special channels, and joins up with larger channels to eventually reach the bile duct
During embryological development, the liver bud grows off of the GI tract and interacts with ____, which are the precursors for hepatic sinusoids of the liver
vitelline veins
The ductus venosus bypasses the lievr to get blood from the ____ to the _____
umbilical vein to IVC
A portal lobule includes portions of lobules whose ____ drain into the same bile duct
bile canaliculi
What are the boundaries of the portal lobule? What is the center?
central veins of three classic lobules; the center is the bile duct collecting bile from all canaliculi
If you injected a toxin, which zone would get sacrificed first?
1>2>3
1 is closest to hepatic artery
if you deprive the liver of oxygen, which zone will die first?
Zone 3
The umbilical vein becomes the ____
ligamentum teres
IN the division of the ventral mesentary, the lesser omentum is made up of which two ligaments?
Hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligament
betatrophin
what is it, who makes it
a new hormone discovered in 2013 that promotes beta cell replication
made by liver and adipose tissue
