Hematopoiesis Nutrition Flashcards
Enzyme used in the rate limiting step converting dUMP to dTMP
Thimidylate synthase
Both of these nutrients are required for DNA synthesis
Folate and Vitamin B12
Cobalmin
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B9
Folate
What is the structural change when converting RNA dUMP to DNA dTMP
addition of one methyl grop
Source of methyl groups
Folate
Also involved in purine biosynthesis
Folate
Co-enzyme for recycling folate
Vitamin B12
After folate is taken in from diet, what are the two successive reduction steps?
Folate»DHF»THF
THF trap
If don’t have B12, can’t convert N5 methyl THF back to THF
The name of B12 or folate deficiency which results in fewer, but larger blood cells
Megaloblastic anemia
3 important consequences of B12 or folate deficiency
- DNA synthesis impaired
- Cell division impaired
- Cytoplasm matures faster than nucleus (cytoplasm can still undergo maturation so can make hemoglobin, gets larger, but won’t divide)
What are visual signs of megaloblastic anemia?
Multilobed PMNs (normal are 3-4), macrocytic RBCs
Why are fortified foods with folic acid more stable?
Doesn’t contain/form a polygluconate conjugate
Why can hemolytic anemia cause an increased demand and use of folate?
Hemolytic anemia is due to RBC destruction, have to keep up with loss of RBCs, so requires a lot of cell division
Term for reduction of all types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, platelets)
Pancytopenia
Why is neural tube defect a symptom of folate deficiency?
Highest proliferation during embryogenesis, need high folate levels. Neural tube defect
Major component of VB12 structure
Corrin ring
Source of VB12
Made by bacteria, found in meats/animal biproducts
Two direct steps involving VB12 that are important in neuronal function
Homocysteine —*—->Methionine (—>SAM)
Methylmalonyl CoA —*—> Succinyl CoA
This breakdown product of methylmalonyl CoA will accumulate if B12 deficient
methylmalonic acid (MMA)
What produces haptocorrin?
Salivary glands in the mouth
2 other names for haptocorrin
Transcobalamin I, R factor
Vitamin B12 is not readily available because it is bound to proteins. Where does VB12 get digested and liberated from proteins?
Stomach
After liberated from proteins, VB12 binds to this molecule to protect it from the hydrochloric acid found in stomach
Haptocorrin