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Biology 22 (General Zoology) > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the system of lymphatic vessels and capillaries?

A

Lymphatic System

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2
Q

A portion of the _____ leaks out between capillary membranes and into surrounding tissues.

A

Plasma

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3
Q

The fluid that leaked out of the blood capillaries are collected into _____.

A

A parallel system of lymphatic capillaries and then to lymphatic vessels.

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4
Q

The fluid from lymphatic vessels funnel into two _____.

A

Large Thoracic Ducts

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5
Q

What happens to the fluid once it reaches the chest?

A

It rejoins the blood.

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6
Q

This is also known as the second circulatory system.

A

Lymphatic System

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7
Q

How is lymph moved through the vessels?

A

By squeezing of skeletal muscles

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8
Q

These are regions with a fine mesh that filters dead cells and other large fragments from the lymph.

A

Lymph Nodes

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9
Q

These cells are found in the nodes and consume materials that were trapped in the mesh.

A

Phagocytic Cells

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10
Q

These are the two types of cells found in the nodes.

A

Phagocytic Cells and Lymphocytes

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11
Q

This is where the body’s blood is frequently filtered.

A

Spleen

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12
Q

These are frequently localized in the nodes.

A

Immune Responses

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13
Q

Immune responses are particularly localized where?

A

The Nostrils

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14
Q

These can also be found in the nodes and they monitor the plasma for foreign antigens.

A

Immunocytes

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15
Q

These are the components of the lymphatic system.

A
  1. Lymph (the fluid)
  2. Vessels/Lymphatics
  3. Structures and Organs (Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus
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16
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Fluid Balance
  2. Absorption of Fats
  3. Surveillance and Defense
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17
Q

How does the lymphatic system maintain fluid balance?

A

By returning excess tissue fluid and proteins to the blood

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18
Q

How does the lymphatic system help in absorbing fats?

A

Via lymphatic capillaries or lacteals rather than blood capillaries

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19
Q

Lymph formation depends on _____.

A

Tissue Fluid Formation

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20
Q

What is tissue fluid made up of?

A

Water and Dissolved Substances

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21
Q

How does tissue fluid leave blood capillaries?

A

Filtration and Diffusion

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22
Q

These leak from the capillaries during filtration and are not returned to the bloodstream, increasing osmotic pressure within the tissues.

A

Proteins

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23
Q

This interferes with the return of fluids to the bloodstream.

A

Osmotic Pressure

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24
Q

Increasing _____ forces some of the fluid into lymphatic capillaries.

A

Interstitial Pressure

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25
Q

This drives the entry of lymph into lymphatic capillaries.

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

26
Q

_____ are the forces that propel lymph through lymphatic vessels.

A

Forces that move blood in veins

27
Q

A condition that interferes with the flow of lymph will result in _____.

A

Edema

28
Q

What is the organization of the lymphatic vessels?

A

Lymphatic Capillaries to Lymphatic Vessels to 2 Lymphatic Ducts to Thoracic Duct (to Left Subclavian Vein) or to Right Lymphatic Duct (to Right Subclavian Vein) to General Circulation

29
Q

These are tiny, closed-ended tubes that extend into interstitial spaces.

A

Lymphatic Capillaries

30
Q

Lymphatic capillaries receive tissue fluid through _____.

A

Thin Walls

31
Q

Lymphatic vessels have _____ walls than veins.

A

Thinner

32
Q

What composes a lymphatic vessel?

A

Three Layers (Vessel Wall) and Semilunar Valve

33
Q

These pass through lymph nodes and merge to form lymphatic trunks.

A

Large Lymphatic Vessels

34
Q

What is the purpose of the lymphatic trunks?

A

To drain lymph from the body

35
Q

These are small bean-shaped organs made of ovoid or round mass of lymphatic tissue.

A

Lymph Nodes

36
Q

What are efferent lymphatic vessels attached to?

A

Hilum

37
Q

What are afferent lymphatic vessels attached to?

A

Convex Surface of the Lymph Node

38
Q

What are lymph nodes covered with?

A

Fibrous Capsule Connective Tissue

39
Q

The fibrous capsule connective tissue extends _____ and divides it into _____.

A

Inside the Node; Nodules

40
Q

What are some of the names of nodules?

A

Tonsils, Adenoids, and Peyer’s Patches

41
Q

What are housed inside nodules?

A

Lymphocytes and Macrophages

42
Q

What is/are the function/s of lymph nodes?

A

Filter Lymph; Remove Bacteria and Cellular Debris

43
Q

This is a soft, bilobed organ located along the trachea, behind the sternum in the upper thoracic cavity.

A

Thymus

44
Q

The thymus _____ in size during the lifetime.

A

Shrinks

45
Q

What surround the thymus?

A

Connective Tissue Capsule

46
Q

The connective tissue capsule that surrounds the thymus divides it into _____.

A

Lobules

47
Q

What can be found in the lobules of the thymus?

A

Lymphocytes

48
Q

The thymus secretes this hormone.

A

Thymosin

49
Q

What does thymosin do?

A

It influences the maturation of T-cells once they leave the thymus.

50
Q

This is the largest lymphatic organ located between the stomach and the diaphragm.

A

Spleen

51
Q

Connective tissue divides the spleen into _____.

A

Lobules

52
Q

The lobules of the spleen contain _____.

A

Sinuses filled with blood instead of lymph; Red Pulp and White Pulp

53
Q

What is the red pulp?

A

It contains all the components of circulating blood.

54
Q

What is the white pulp?

A

It is similar to lymphatic nodules and contains mostly lymphocytes.

55
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

Filters and Purifies Blood; Acts as a Blood Reservoir; Site for Erythropoeisis

56
Q

This is a condition of extreme edema that occurs when lymph vessels become blocked by filarial worms.

A

Elephantiasis

57
Q

These are multiple groups of large lymphatic nodules.

A

Tonsils

58
Q

Where are the tonsils located?

A

Mucous Membrane of the Oral and Pharyngeal Cavities

59
Q

What are the functions of the tonsils?

A

They guard the common entrance to the digestive and respiratory tracts.

60
Q

How do the three types of tonsils differ?

A

Location, Epithelial Lining, Presence of Crypts, Presence of Definitive Partial Capsule

Biology 22 (General Zoology) (8 decks)

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