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Biology 22 (General Zoology) > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the science dealing with animals and all aspects of animal life?

A

Zoology

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2
Q

What are the four aspects taken up in zoology?

A

1) structure, function, and embryonic development; 2) nutrition, health, and behaviour; 3) heredity and evolution; and 4) relationship between animate and inanimate environment

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3
Q

What is the study of structures?

A

Anatomy

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4
Q

This means “to cut”

A

“ana”

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5
Q

What are the three subdivisions of anatomy?

A

Gross Anatomy, Developmental Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy

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6
Q

What is another name for developmental anatomy?

A

Embryology

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7
Q

What is another name for microscopic anatomy?

A

Histology

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8
Q

What is the study of functions?

A

Physiology

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9
Q

What are the four subdivisions of physiology?

A

Cellular Physiology, Comparative Physiology, Endocrinology, Neurology

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10
Q

What are the eight subdivisions of zoology?

A

Anatomy, Physiology, Genetics, Ecology, Zoogeography, Paleontology, Taxonomy, Evolution

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11
Q

Study of Mammals

A

Mammalogy

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12
Q

Study of Birds

A

Ornithology

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13
Q

Study of Reptiles and Amphibians

A

Herpetology

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14
Q

Study of Fishes

A

Ichtyology

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15
Q

Study of Insects

A

Entomology

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16
Q

Study of Parasites

A

Parasitology

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17
Q

Study of One-celled animals or protozoa

A

Protozoology

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18
Q

Study of Worms

A

Helminthology

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19
Q

Study of Mollusks (as Organisms)

A

Malacology

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20
Q

Study of Seashells (Mollusk Shells)

A

Conchology

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21
Q

Took interest in animals (as pets, source of food, recreation, games, etc.)

A

Pre-historic Man

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22
Q

Learned how to domesticate cattle, sheep, pigs, cats, geese, and ducks

A

Egyptians

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23
Q

Father of Zoology

A

Aristotle

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24
Q

Who is Galen?

A

1) first to experiment and make dissections to determine structure and function; 2) made important discoveries on the function of the brain; and 3) the first to state that arteries carry blood not air

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25
Q

Who pointed out inaccuracies in Galen’s description of the human body?

A

Andreas Vesalius

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26
Q

Who is the Father of Anatomy?

A

Andreas Vesalius

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27
Q

Who discovered the circulation of the blood and the atrio-ventricular contraction?

A

William Harvey

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28
Q

Who were the two people responsible for the development of the compound microscope?

A

Jansen (1950) and Galileo (1610)

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29
Q

Who was the first to describe the presence of cells in plant tissue?

A

Robert Hooke

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30
Q

Who was the first to describe bacteria, protozoa, and sperms?

A

Leeuwenhoek

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31
Q

Who is the father of taxonomy?

A

Linnaeus

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32
Q

Who is the father of embryology?

A

Karl Ernst von Baer

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33
Q

He was the first to investigate the origin of structure from the three germ layers.

A

Karl Ernst von Baer

34
Q

They were the pioneers of comparative anatomy of animals.

A

George Cuvier and John Hunter

35
Q

“Cells are the basic units of structures in plants and animals and that organisms are aggregates of cells that are arranged according to definite laws.” Who said this?

A

Schleiden and Schwann

36
Q

“All cells can come from pre-existing cells.” Who said this?

A

Rudolf Virchow

37
Q

It is the body of knowledge and concerns the laws governing patterns in nature (cause-effect relationships).

A

Science

38
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

A method of research in which: 1) a problem is identified; 2) relevant data are gathered; 3) a hypothesis is formulated; 4) the hypothesis is tested; and 5) a conclusion/s is arrived at, which help/s identify the patterns in the physical world.

39
Q

Two Objectives of the Scientific Method

A

1) To uncover the laws governing the patterns in nature; and 2) To make life better and to solve problems

40
Q

It is a planned inquiry to discover new facts, to confirm or deny the result of previous investigations by testing hypothesis/es.

A

Experimentation

41
Q

It is that variable which is presumed to cause, effect, or stimulate the outcome.

A

Independent Variable

42
Q

It refers to the outcome or response variable.

A

Dependent Variable

43
Q

These, by themselves, produce changes which can be mistaken to be the effect of the independent variable being considered. These variables thus need to be controlled.

A

Extraneous Variable

44
Q

This is the group experimented on.

A

Treatment Group

45
Q

This is used to establish a baseline for result comparison.

A

Control Group

46
Q

Two types of Control Group

A

Negative Control and Positive Control

47
Q

This is the control group that is not exposed to any type of treatment at all.

A

Negative Control

48
Q

This is the control group that is not exposed to the experimental treatment but is exposed to another treatment that is known to have the same effect.

A

Positive Control

49
Q

When does a conclusion become a theory?

A

If the conclusion of the experiment confirms the hypothesis and remains the same after a series of experiments by various individuals over a period of years.

50
Q

When does a theory become a law?

A

If it has been proven to be universally valid and to have such a high degree of probability.

51
Q

This is constantly subjected to testing, modification, and refutation as new evidences and ideas emerge.

A

Theory

52
Q

This is the basic unit of life.

A

The Cell

53
Q

What is biological organization based on?

A

Hierarchy of Structural Levels

54
Q

What are the seven attributes/qualities of life?

A

1) Organization; 2) Metabolism; 3) Homeostasis; 4) Reproduction; 5) Growth and Development; 6) Response to Stimuli; and 7) Evolution and Adaptation

55
Q

The use of energy to perform the different activities of the body.

A

Metabolism

56
Q

Energy Utilization

A

Anabolism

57
Q

Energy Production

A

Catabolism

58
Q

The “thermostat” of the body

A

Hypothalamus

59
Q

This characteristic of biological processes means that an output or product of a process regulates that process.

A

Self-regulating

60
Q

Slows or stops processes

A

Negative Feedback or Feedback Inhibition

61
Q

Speeds up a process

A

Positive Feedback

62
Q

Provides the blueprint for the organization, development, and function of living organisms

A

DNA

63
Q

This produces more or larger cells.

A

Growth

64
Q

This produces organisms with a defined set of characteristics for a particular organism; also includes differentiation.

A

Development

65
Q

Responses of plants to their respective environments

A

Tropisms

66
Q

Response of animals to their respective environments

A

Taxis

67
Q

Short-term Responses

A

Adjustment/Irritability

68
Q

Changes within a single lifetime

A

Short-term Responses

69
Q

Changes that require multiple generations

A

Long-term Responses

70
Q

This is the genetic change in a population through time

A

Evolution

71
Q

This is the consequence of evolutionary change.

A

Adaptation

72
Q

This is the change in an organism’s structure or habits to survive new environments.

A

Adaptation

73
Q

What are the five characteristics of animals?

A

1) Multicellular, Ingestive Heterotrophs; 2) Lacks Cell Wall; 3) Stores Carbohydrates as Glycogen; 4) Exhibits Mobility and Complex Behvaior; 5) Presence of Hox Genes

74
Q

What are the subdivisions of Gross Anatomy?

A

Comparative Anatomy and Human Anatomy

75
Q

Study of inhertance of characteristics from parents to offspring; heredity and variation

A

Genetics

76
Q

Study of the relationship/s of organisms to each other and to their respective environments

A

Ecology

77
Q

Study of the distribution of animals throughout the world

A

Zoogeography

78
Q

Study of the distribution of animals through time

A

Paleontology

79
Q

An old science; Involves the identification and classification of organisms

A

Taxonomy

80
Q

Study of the change in population through time

A

Evolution

Biology 22 (General Zoology) (8 decks)

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