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Biology 22 (General Zoology) > Cell Structure and Functions > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Functions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three general cell requirements?

A

Genetic Material, Cytoplasm, and Plasma Membrane

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2
Q

What is the genetic material in prokaryotes?

A

A single circular molecule of DNA

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3
Q

What is the genetic material in eukaryotes?

A

Double helix located in the nucleus

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4
Q

This fills the interior of the cell.

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What can be found in the cytoplasm?

A

Sugars, Amino Acids, Proteins

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6
Q

This encloses the cell (phospholipid bilayer).

A

Plasma Membrane

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7
Q

Why are cells small in size?

A

For smaller surface area-to-volume ratio resulting in quicker rate of metabolism

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8
Q

Who classified cells on the basis of the presence of the nucleus?

A

Dougherty (1967)

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9
Q

These are cells without a nucleus.

A

Prokaryotes/Prokaryotic Cells

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10
Q

Etymology of Prokaryotes

A

“pro-“ meaning before and “-karyon” meaning nucleus

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11
Q

Etymology of Eukaryotes

A

“eu-“ meaning true and “-karyon” meaning nucleus

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12
Q

These are cells with true or distinct nucleus.

A

Eukaryotes/Eukaryotic Cells

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13
Q

What is Svedberg?

A

A non-metric unit

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14
Q

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

A

Binary Fission

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15
Q

How do eukaryotes reproduce?

A

Sexual/Asexual

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16
Q

What is the difference between the cell division of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes - chromosomes are pulled apart by attachment to the plasma membrane

Eukaryotes - by cytoskeletal spindle apparatus

17
Q

What is the difference between the metabolism of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes - anaerobic or aerobic

Eukaryotes - Aerobic

18
Q

This has circular DNA and are not associated with histones.

A

Prokaryotes

19
Q

This has linear DNA and are associated with histones.

A

Eukaryotes

20
Q

What is the cell size of prokaryotes?

A

1-10 micrometers

21
Q

What is the cell size of eukaryotes?

A

10-100 micrometers

22
Q

In this type of cell, RNA and protein synthesis occur in the same compartment.

A

Prokaryotes

23
Q

In this type of cell, RNA is synthesizes in the nucleus while proteins in the cytoplasm.

A

Eukaryotes

24
Q

This has no cytoskeleton, no cytoplasmic streaming, and no exo/endocytosis.

A

Prokaryotes

25
Q

This model shows the “sandwich” arrangement of the cell membrane.

A

The Davson-Danielli Model

26
Q

This is another name for the cell membrane.

A

Plasmalemma

27
Q

What are the major functions of the plasmalemma?

A

Material exchange regulation and protection from external and unwanted materials

28
Q

These are elastic double layers of phospholipids and fatty materials that form special surfaces over almost all subcellular organelles as well as over entire cells.

A

Plasmalemma

29
Q

This is the E-face in the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the cell membrane.

A

Side of the membrane facing the extracellular matrix

30
Q

Two glycocalyces found in the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the cell membrane

A

Glycoproteins and Glycolipids

31
Q

This is the P-face in the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the cell membrane.

A

Side of the membrane facing the protoplasm

32
Q

What are the six functions of the cell membrane?

A

1) Transport; 2) Enzymatic Activity; 3) Signal Transduction; 4) Cell-cell Recognition; 5) Intercellular Joining; and 6) Attachment to the Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

33
Q

Why is the cell membrane not liquid?

A

It won’t have shape if it is liquid.

34
Q

Why is the cell membrane not solid?

A

It’ll have a fixed structure and transport will not be permissible.

35
Q

Lateral diffusion is _______, while transverse diffusion is _______.

A

Rapid; Very Slow

36
Q

What are the factors affecting the fluidity of the cell membrane?

A

1) Shorter hydrocarbon tails = greater fluidity; 2) Cis double bonds in tails lead to kinks and increase fluidity; and 3) Presence of cholesterol

Biology 22 (General Zoology) (8 decks)

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