lymphatic system

Question 1

what is the lymphatic system

Answer 1

a complex series of lymph capillaries lymphatic trunks lymphoid organs lymph nodes lymph ducts and lymphatic tissue that produce and transport lymph fluid from tissues to the circulatory system

Question 2

what is the lymph system a major component in

Answer 2

immune system

Question 3

what are the 3 parts of the lymphatic system

Answer 3

1. conducting system (lymphatics)
2. lymph
3. lymph nodes

Question 4

what is the conducting system

Answer 4

a meandering network of lymphatic vessels which are 1 way flowing towards the heart and using peristalsis there are capillaries collecting ducts trunks

Question 5

what is important about lymph fluid

Answer 5

has large proteins therefore can clot does not contain RBC or platelets

Question 6

how do plasma ECF lymph connect

Answer 6

plasma seeps out of blood capillaries to bathe cells and exchange materials

some return to capillaries at distal portion having exchanged materials

some remain in the intercellular spaces and enter the lymphatic capillaries

Question 7

what doe lymphatic vessels include

Answer 7

• Lymphatic capillaries
  – Lymphatic collecting vessels
  – Lymphatic trunks & ducts

Question 8

differences of lymph capillaries to blood capillaries

Answer 8

very permeable take up cell debris pathogens and cancer cells
endothelial cells overlap to form 1 way minivalves and are anchored by collagen filaments preventing collapse
they are not in the bones teeth bone marrow or CNS

Question 9

what are lacteals

Answer 9

specialised lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa

Question 10

what is the function of lacteals

Answer 10

absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph to the blood

Question 11

what caused oedema

Answer 11

tissue fluid build up the tissue will swell

Question 12

what is lymph in the intestinal mucosa called

Answer 12

chyle

Question 13

how are fats transported in lymph

Answer 13

fats are passed on to the lymphatic system to be transported to the blood circulation via the thoracic duct

Question 14

how do lymphatic collecting vessels differ from veins

Answer 14

have thinner walls with more internal valves

anastomose( cross connection ) more frequently

Question 15

how are nutrients supplies in the lymphatic collecting vessels

Answer 15

vasa vasorum

Question 16

how are lymphatic trunks formed

Answer 16

formation of the largest collecting ducts

Question 17

name 5 Lymphatic Trunks

Answer 17

paired lumbar 
paired Broncho mediastinal
paired subclavian 
paired jugular trunk 
 single intestinal trunk

Question 18

name the two main ducts

Answer 18

right lymphatic duct

thoracic duct

Question 19

what does the right lymphatic duct drain

Answer 19

drains the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax

Question 20

what does the thoracic duct drain

Answer 20

arises from the cisterna chylic and drains the rest of the body

Question 21

where do these ducts empty there lymph

Answer 21

jugular and subclavian vein on there sides of the body

Question 22

how is lymph transport propelled

Answer 22

pulsation of nearby arteries

contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics

Question 23

what are the two main types ogf lymphoid cell

Answer 23

t cells and b cells

Question 24

what do t cells do

Answer 24

manage the immune response attack and destroy foreign cells

Question 25

what do b cells do

Answer 25

produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies

Question 26

name other lymphoid cells

Answer 26

macrophages
dendrites
reticular

Question 27

function of macrophages

Answer 27

ingest foreign substances and help active t cells

Question 28

function of dendritic

Answer 28

capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes

Question 29

reticular cells function

Answer 29

produce stroma that support other cells in the lymphoid organs

Question 30

what happens in the lymphoid tissue

Answer 30

houses and provides a proliferation site for lymphocytes

Question 31

what are the two main types of tissue

Answer 31

diffuse lymphatic tissue

lymphatic follicles

Question 32

what are diffuse lymphatic tissue made of

Answer 32

scattered reticular tissue elements in larger lymphoid organs mucous membranes

Question 33

what are Lymphoid follicles made of

Answer 33

solid spherical bodies with tightly packed reticular

elements & cells form part of the large lymphoid organ

Question 34

what is the principal lymphoid organ of the body

Answer 34

lymph nodes

Question 35

where are lymph located

Answer 35

embedded in CT in clusters along lymphatic vessels

Question 36

functions of the lymph node

Answer 36

filter lymph– the macrophages destroy microorganism and debris
immune system –lymphocytes are activated and mount and attack against antigens

Question 37

shape of the lymph

Answer 37

bean shaped

Question 38

two histologically distinct regions of the lymph

Answer 38

1. cortex

2. medulla