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Anatomy > introduction > Flashcards

introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics/features distinguish living from non-living?

A

Organisation, Nutrition, Excretion, Response & Reproduction

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2
Q

Studying the human body is important to:

A

understand an organisms organisation
• further understand its different functions
• further, further understand the body’s response to injury, disease & stress

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3
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of structure & the relationship among structures of the body

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4
Q

Physiology

A

The study of functions of the body

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5
Q

Anatomical position

A

body is
erect, feet together, palms face
forward & the thumbs point
away from the body

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6
Q

sagittal plane

A

The sagittal plane splits the body down the “midline” or

middle, dividing left from right

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7
Q

coronal or frontal plane

A

The coronal or frontal plane is the division between the

anterior (front) & the posterior (back) of the body

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8
Q

transverse plane

A

The transverse plane divides superior part of the body

towards the top) from inferior (towards the bottom

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9
Q

Superior

A

the part is above another or closer to head (cranial)

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10
Q

Inferior:

A

the part is below another or towards the feet (caudal)

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11
Q

Anterior

A

towards the front (the eyes are anterior to the brain)

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12
Q

• Posterior:

A

toward the back (the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity)

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13
Q

Medial

A

relates to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right
& left halves (the nose is medial to the eyes)

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14
Q

Lateral

A

towards the side with respect to the imaginary midline (the ears
are lateral to the eyes)

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15
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the centre of the body

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16
Q

Distal

A

Further from the centre of the body

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17
Q

Superficia

A

Closer to the skin

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18
Q

Deep

A

Further from the skin

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19
Q

Pronate

A

Turn the palms down or the feet outward

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20
Q

Supinate

A

Turn the palms up or the feet inward

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21
Q

Abduction

A

To move away from the middle of the body

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22
Q

Adduction

A

– To move toward the middle of the body

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23
Q

Extension

A

To straighten out a joint

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24
Q

Flexion

A

– To bend a joint

25
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

To bend the foot upward at the ankle

26
Q

Plantarflexion

A

To bend the foot downward at the ankle

27
Q

Cranial

A

Closer to the head

28
Q

Closer to the head

A

– Closer to the buttocks

29
Q

Metabolism:

A

sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body

30
Q

Catabolism:

A

involves breaking down complex molecules into simpler

molecules

31
Q

Anabolism:

A

: uses energy generated from catabolism to build up the body’s
structural & functional components

32
Q

Responsiveness/Sensitivity

A

. ability to detect & respond to changes in the external or internal
environment

33
Q

. Movement

A

Motion of whole body, individual organs, single cells/organelles

34
Q

Growth

A

. an ↑ in size that results from an ↑ in the no. or size of cells or both

35
Q

Differentiation

A

change that a cell undergoes to develop from an unspecialised to a
specialised state

36
Q

Reproduction

A

Refers to either the formation of new cells for growth, repair or
replacement OR production of a new individual

37
Q

Excretion

A

Refers to the getting rid of wastes which have been made by the organism
as a result of its chemical activities

38
Q

Respiration

A

Series of complex chemical reactions which result in the controlled release
of energy from food

39
Q

anatomic planes

A

fixed lines used to divide the body to facilitate viewing of its structure in a 3d perspective

40
Q

prone

A

body lying down

41
Q

SUPINE

A

body lying up

42
Q

unilateral

A

pertaining to one side

43
Q

bilateral

A

pertaining to both sides of the body

44
Q

hyperextension

A

over extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion

45
Q

retraction

A

moving a part forward

46
Q

protraction

A

moving a part backwards

47
Q

elevation

A

raising a part

48
Q

depression

A

lowering a part

49
Q

rotation

A

turning on a single axis

50
Q

circumrotating

A

tri planar rotation of hip and shoulder

51
Q

external rotation

A

rotation of hip or shoulder away from the midline

52
Q

internal rotation

A

rotation of the hips shoulders towards the midline

53
Q

lateral flexions

A

side bending left or right

54
Q

inversion

A

movement of the feet inward

55
Q

eversion

A

movement of the feet outward

56
Q

radial deviation

A

movement of the wrist towards the lateral side or radial

57
Q

ulnar derivation

A

movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side

58
Q

opposition

A

movement of the thumb across the palm

Anatomy (12 decks)

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