Lymphatic/Immune Systems Flashcards
How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries
Lymphatic capillaries are dead end tubes and have flap like valves that open to take in tissue fluid
List true statements about lymphatic vessels
They return excess fluid to blood vascular systems
Return leaked plasma proteins to the blood vascular system
Absorb digested fats from small intestine
How is a lymph node propelled through the lymphatic system
Contraction of surrounding muscles and pulsing of adjacent arteries move lymph through lymphatic vessels towards heart
What are lacteals
Lymphatic capillaries located in the small intestine that function to absorb digested fats
Do lymphatic vessels flow away or towards the heart?
Towards
What is the primary function of lymph nodes
Removing pathogens/foreign proteins from lymph
Where does excess fluid go in the CNS
Drains through nervous tissue and into the cerebrospinal fluid, then returns to the venous blood at the superior sagittal sinus
What are lymph capillaries
Structures comprised of endothelial cells separated by flap like mini valves that are opened as fluid accumulates in peripheral tissue
A set of lymphatic capillaries that collect fat laden fluids from the intestinal tracts
Lacteals
The largest kind of lymphatic vessel is the
Lymphatic duct
Lymphatic permeability in contrast to capillaries are…
More permeable than blood capillaries
What do lymph and blood capillaries have in common
Both walls consist of endothelial cells
The bulges that give lymph vessels a string of bead appearance is because…
The pocket for valves
What functions do lymphatic vessels perform
Transport digested fats
return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream
Return leaked plod proteins to the blood stream
Name normal components of a lymph
Plasma proteins
Ions
Water
Permeability of lymphatic capillaries result from having what
Few intercellular junctions and the presence of minivalves
How are lymphatic collecting vessels different from veins
Lymphatic collecting vessels contain more valves than do veins
T/F lymph capillaries are absent in the CNS
True
Where do T lymphocytes develop immunocompetence
Thymus (t lymphocytes)
All lymphocytes Form is bone marrow.
Name the secondary lymphoid organs
Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and aggregated lymphoid nodules in the small intestine and appendix
What are effective in fighting infectious organisms because each one recognizes and acts against a specific foreign molecule
Lymphocytes
What are antibodies
They’re proteins that bind to specific antigens and mark them for destruction by phagocytic cells
Activated B lymphocytes do what
Differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies
T cells bind to antigens that are presented by a special category of proteins called
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
Activated cytotoxic cells (T cells) do what
Attack foreign cells directly by binding to an antigen bearing cell, secreting proteins that perforate the foreign cell’s membrane, and signaling the cell to undergo apoptosis
What remains within lymphoid tissue until the body encounters the same specific antigen again, then proliferate rapidly
Memory lymphocytes
The organs where the immune and lymphatic systems intersect is/are the
Lymph nodes
What are nature killer cells
They act when they detect a lack of “self” cell surface molecules, or the presence of certain sugars on a target cell
What does the spleen do
Recycled red blood cells and initiates immune response
What lymphoid tissue is associated with the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
MALT
Lymphocytes attack antigens mostly in lymphoid organs(except in thymus) and in…
Loose connective tissue
In humans, B lymphocytes originate in
The bone marrow
What cell is the largest producer of antibodies
Plasma cells
What’s a part of MALT
Aggregated lymphoid nodules
Lymphoid tissue in appendix
Lymphoid tissue in tonsils
Where to T lymphocytes originate in
Bone marrow
The immune system cell type that is preferentially destroyed by the aids virus is the
Helper T lymphocyte
Which lymphoid organs directly fights antigens
Tonsils, aggregated lymphoid nodules, spleen
What cell secretes cytokines that will stimulate the proliferation of other types of immune cells
Helper CS4+ T lymphocyte
Killer lymphocytes are also known as
CD8+ T cells
T/F vaccination mimics acquired immunity
True
