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Bi 232 - PCC Anatomy > Lymph and immune system > Flashcards

Lymph and immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the majority of your lymph system drain into?

A

The left subclavian vein

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2
Q

Where does the lymph from head, neck and right arm and should drain into?

A

The right subclavian

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3
Q

How doe lymph get returned to the body?

A

Tunica media with thin layer of smooth muscle that goes through a periistalic wave contraction, skeletal muscle pump, thoracic pump

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4
Q

What is Mucosa-Assocaited Lymphatic Tissue

A

they are diffusely organized lymphoid tissue. In all mucous opening to fight pathogens entering the body. In lungs, airways, vagina. But most often talked about in the Gut.

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5
Q

What are the levels of organization of lymph cluster?

A

cell, MALT, lymph node

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6
Q

What are the maximal amount of effect vessels out of the lymph nodes. What is the function of that?

A

2 efferent. The make it so that the lymph must circulate throughout the lymph node and the sinusoidal cells.

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7
Q

What are components of lymph nodes?

A

…

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8
Q

Thympoeitin

A

increase production of T-lymphocytes

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9
Q

Tymosin

A

Allow T cells to gain immunocompinance (clonal selection)

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10
Q

Thymus histology

A

Hassal’s corpuscles Thymic corpuscles

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11
Q

Spleen..

A

……

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12
Q

White Pulp

A

…

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13
Q

Red pulp

A

….

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14
Q

What are the two types of immunity?

A

Specific and non-specific

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15
Q

What is another name for the specific immune system?

A

Adaptive

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16
Q

What is another name for the non-specific and what does it do?

A

Innate. It only recognizes self from non-self

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17
Q

What is another name for the specific immune system?

A

Adaptive. It has memory

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18
Q

What are mechanical parts of the non-specific immune system?

A

skin (hard, warm, dry), mucous membrane (sit of swallow), tears sweat saliva, washes things away

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19
Q

What are chemical protections?

A

Acid mantle (everything that comes out of you is at max 6.5 or down to 4) , sebum is antimicrobial, lysosomes that help break down bacterial cell walls

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20
Q

Which Leukocytes are non-specific?

A

Neutrophils and Eosinophils

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21
Q

What trigger neutrophils to an area?

A

Histamine

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22
Q

What are non-specific internal defenses?

A

Interferons, complement proteins, transferrins

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23
Q

How do eosinophils work

A

They attack and antigen-antibody complex (anything that has aired been tagged)

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24
Q

Describe interferons

A

?

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25
Complement proteins
? best defenses against bacteria
26
What is the role of Transferrins in the immune system?
help keep iron unavailable for bacteria
27
What is phagocytosis? / Phagocytes?
....
28
What are the 4 signs of inflammation
Heat, redness, swelling, pain
29
Diapedisis
In Neutrophils?
30
Margination
In Neutrophils?
31
Why even small abscesses dangerous?
The anaerobic bacteria have exotoxins the can be deadly
32
What releases Perforins? What is their structure?
Natural Killer cells Hydrophilic ends and hydrophobic middle.
33
How do perforins work?
They link together to create a ring that causes a hot in an enemy cell and causes it to lyse. They also destroy DNA so it can be picked up and be cancerous
34
C3b
opsonization (make tasty) promotes phagocytosis
35
C1
...
36
Membrane attack complex
?
37
What is Function of Fever? What hormone protects you
raise temperature to de-nature proteins. Cortisol - it prevents you own proteins from being de-natured
38
Pyrogens?
...
39
Interluekin 1
...
40
clonal selection involved in maturation of T-cells and B-cells
..
41
T- cells cell mediated immunity
best at virally infected or cancer cells
42
Where do T- cells act? What are the best at fighting?
They are for cell mediated immunity. They are best at virally infected or cancer cells
43
What is an antigen
Anything that causes an immunologic response
44
What is the smaller part of an antigens that triggers and immune response?
An epitope
45
What are haptens and what are examples?
small lipid soluble. They are too small to cause an immune response, but they bind to your own proteins and then trigger an immune response.
46
Major Histocompatibility complex
...
47
Major Histocompatibility complex MHC2 - special marker that makes sure they are recognized
...
48
Which cells have MCH1
All of your nucleated cells
49
What it ratio of lymphocytes in you body?
80% T lymphocytes, 15% B-cells 5% natural kiiler cells
50
From what are natural killer cells derived?
T-cells
51
Should B-cells recognize self?
Nope.
52
What percent of T-cell get to come out of the thymus?
1%
53
What are types of T cells?
cytotoxic T-cells (CD8),
54
How do cytoxic t-cells work?
...
55
Co-stimulation for interlukin 2
...
56
Activated cells goes clonal
MHC1- antigent antibody complex
57
How much stronger and faster is the response when you have memory in a T-cell?
1000 stronger 5 ties faster.
58
...
...
59
...
...
60
... Helper T-cells
...
61
----
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62
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63
What is the effect Macrophage Activating factor?
The Move faster and "are really looking"
64
What do suppressor T-cells do?
break down T-cells after you win?
65
What does a b-lymphocyte need costimulation?
To ensure that it is an active infection
66
When does a b cell go clonal?
7 days for key?
67
What is a property of plasm b cells
They have large rough endroplasmic reticulum to make a ton of proteins
68
What are the most common antibodies in the body and also the only ones that cross the placenta?
IGGs
69
What pentamer antibody causes bacteria to clump up (agglutination)?
....
70
How to immune cells work?
Agglutination precipitation, neutralization,
71
What are the fastest antibodies? Do they have memory?
IgM. No memory. Sloppy keys.
72
What are occurrences or artificial passive immunity?
from the placenta, milk. They are temporary and acquire from the mother.
73
What is artificial passive immunity
Injecting antibodies directly, doesn't keep memory
74
What is a type 1 hypersensitivity?
An anaphylactic allegy. Anything that causes the release of histamine.
75
What is a type 1 hypersensitivity(acute)?
An anaphylactic allegy. Anything that causes the release of histamine.
76
Ashma
...
77
What are type II hyperensativites?
like myasthenia graves
78
What are type III Hypersensativities
Widespread antigen-antibody complexing. Happens in Lupus
79
Type IV hypersensatvities
Delayed such as potions oak and ivy.
80
What is cross-reactivity?
something you were exposed to is similar to a natural antigen in the body
81
What are main causes for autoimmune disease?
cross-reactivity, abnormal exposure of self antigens, changes in structure to send-antigen, poor clonal selection
82
IgM
Monomer. Mostly found in plasma at pentamer. Rafts bacteria, protists or wrong blood cell types together to cause agglutination.
83
What releases Interleukin 1
Macrohages

Bi 232 - PCC Anatomy (12 decks)

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