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Bi 232 - PCC Anatomy > Lymph and immune system > Flashcards

Lymph and immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the majority of your lymph system drain into?

A

The left subclavian vein

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2
Q

Where does the lymph from head, neck and right arm and should drain into?

A

The right subclavian

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3
Q

How doe lymph get returned to the body?

A

Tunica media with thin layer of smooth muscle that goes through a periistalic wave contraction, skeletal muscle pump, thoracic pump

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4
Q

What is Mucosa-Assocaited Lymphatic Tissue

A

they are diffusely organized lymphoid tissue. In all mucous opening to fight pathogens entering the body. In lungs, airways, vagina. But most often talked about in the Gut.

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5
Q

What are the levels of organization of lymph cluster?

A

cell, MALT, lymph node

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6
Q

What are the maximal amount of effect vessels out of the lymph nodes. What is the function of that?

A

2 efferent. The make it so that the lymph must circulate throughout the lymph node and the sinusoidal cells.

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7
Q

What are components of lymph nodes?

A

…

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8
Q

Thympoeitin

A

increase production of T-lymphocytes

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9
Q

Tymosin

A

Allow T cells to gain immunocompinance (clonal selection)

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10
Q

Thymus histology

A

Hassal’s corpuscles Thymic corpuscles

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11
Q

Spleen..

A

……

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12
Q

White Pulp

A

…

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13
Q

Red pulp

A

….

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14
Q

What are the two types of immunity?

A

Specific and non-specific

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15
Q

What is another name for the specific immune system?

A

Adaptive

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16
Q

What is another name for the non-specific and what does it do?

A

Innate. It only recognizes self from non-self

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17
Q

What is another name for the specific immune system?

A

Adaptive. It has memory

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18
Q

What are mechanical parts of the non-specific immune system?

A

skin (hard, warm, dry), mucous membrane (sit of swallow), tears sweat saliva, washes things away

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19
Q

What are chemical protections?

A

Acid mantle (everything that comes out of you is at max 6.5 or down to 4) , sebum is antimicrobial, lysosomes that help break down bacterial cell walls

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20
Q

Which Leukocytes are non-specific?

A

Neutrophils and Eosinophils

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21
Q

What trigger neutrophils to an area?

A

Histamine

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22
Q

What are non-specific internal defenses?

A

Interferons, complement proteins, transferrins

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23
Q

How do eosinophils work

A

They attack and antigen-antibody complex (anything that has aired been tagged)

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24
Q

Describe interferons

A

?

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25
Q

Complement proteins

A

? best defenses against bacteria

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26
Q

What is the role of Transferrins in the immune system?

A

help keep iron unavailable for bacteria

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27
Q

What is phagocytosis? / Phagocytes?

A

….

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28
Q

What are the 4 signs of inflammation

A

Heat, redness, swelling, pain

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29
Q

Diapedisis

A

In Neutrophils?

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30
Q

Margination

A

In Neutrophils?

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31
Q

Why even small abscesses dangerous?

A

The anaerobic bacteria have exotoxins the can be deadly

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32
Q

What releases Perforins? What is their structure?

A

Natural Killer cells Hydrophilic ends and hydrophobic middle.

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33
Q

How do perforins work?

A

They link together to create a ring that causes a hot in an enemy cell and causes it to lyse. They also destroy DNA so it can be picked up and be cancerous

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34
Q

C3b

A

opsonization (make tasty) promotes phagocytosis

35
Q

C1

36
Q

Membrane attack complex

37
Q

What is Function of Fever? What hormone protects you

A

raise temperature to de-nature proteins. Cortisol - it prevents you own proteins from being de-natured

38
Q

Pyrogens?

39
Q

Interluekin 1

40
Q

clonal selection involved in maturation of T-cells and B-cells

41
Q

T- cells cell mediated immunity

A

best at virally infected or cancer cells

42
Q

Where do T- cells act? What are the best at fighting?

A

They are for cell mediated immunity. They are best at virally infected or cancer cells

43
Q

What is an antigen

A

Anything that causes an immunologic response

44
Q

What is the smaller part of an antigens that triggers and immune response?

A

An epitope

45
Q

What are haptens and what are examples?

A

small lipid soluble. They are too small to cause an immune response, but they bind to your own proteins and then trigger an immune response.

46
Q

Major Histocompatibility complex

47
Q

Major Histocompatibility complex MHC2 - special marker that makes sure they are recognized

48
Q

Which cells have MCH1

A

All of your nucleated cells

49
Q

What it ratio of lymphocytes in you body?

A

80% T lymphocytes, 15% B-cells 5% natural kiiler cells

50
Q

From what are natural killer cells derived?

51
Q

Should B-cells recognize self?

52
Q

What percent of T-cell get to come out of the thymus?

53
Q

What are types of T cells?

A

cytotoxic T-cells (CD8),

54
Q

How do cytoxic t-cells work?

55
Q

Co-stimulation for interlukin 2

56
Q

Activated cells goes clonal

A

MHC1- antigent antibody complex

57
Q

How much stronger and faster is the response when you have memory in a T-cell?

A

1000 stronger 5 ties faster.

58
Q

…

59
Q

…

60
Q

… Helper T-cells

63
Q

What is the effect Macrophage Activating factor?

A

The Move faster and “are really looking”

64
Q

What do suppressor T-cells do?

A

break down T-cells after you win?

65
Q

What does a b-lymphocyte need costimulation?

A

To ensure that it is an active infection

66
Q

When does a b cell go clonal?

A

7 days for key?

67
Q

What is a property of plasm b cells

A

They have large rough endroplasmic reticulum to make a ton of proteins

68
Q

What are the most common antibodies in the body and also the only ones that cross the placenta?

69
Q

What pentamer antibody causes bacteria to clump up (agglutination)?

70
Q

How to immune cells work?

A

Agglutination precipitation, neutralization,

71
Q

What are the fastest antibodies? Do they have memory?

A

IgM. No memory. Sloppy keys.

72
Q

What are occurrences or artificial passive immunity?

A

from the placenta, milk. They are temporary and acquire from the mother.

73
Q

What is artificial passive immunity

A

Injecting antibodies directly, doesn’t keep memory

74
Q

What is a type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

An anaphylactic allegy. Anything that causes the release of histamine.

75
Q

What is a type 1 hypersensitivity(acute)?

A

An anaphylactic allegy. Anything that causes the release of histamine.

76
Q

Ashma

77
Q

What are type II hyperensativites?

A

like myasthenia graves

78
Q

What are type III Hypersensativities

A

Widespread antigen-antibody complexing. Happens in Lupus

79
Q

Type IV hypersensatvities

A

Delayed such as potions oak and ivy.

80
Q

What is cross-reactivity?

A

something you were exposed to is similar to a natural antigen in the body

81
Q

What are main causes for autoimmune disease?

A

cross-reactivity, abnormal exposure of self antigens, changes in structure to send-antigen, poor clonal selection

82
Q

IgM

A

Monomer. Mostly found in plasma at pentamer. Rafts bacteria, protists or wrong blood cell types together to cause agglutination.

83
Q

What releases Interleukin 1

A

Macrohages

Bi 232 - PCC Anatomy (12 decks)

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