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Bi 232 - PCC Anatomy > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

An immature red blood cell that still has its nucleus

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2
Q

What is a red blood cell called?

A

Erythrocyte

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3
Q

What is the common range for hematocrit in men?

A

42-52%

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4
Q

What is the common range of hematocrit in women?

A

37%-48%

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5
Q

What is the common range for red blood cell concentration in women?

A

4.2-5.4 million cells per microliter

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6
Q

What is the common range for red blood cell concentration in men?

A

4.6-6.2 million cells per microliter

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7
Q

What is a leukocyte?

A

immune system cell/ while blood cell

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8
Q

What is a granulocytes and which leukocytes fall into this catagory?

A

A white blood cell with Granules that contain lysosomal chemicals. Basophils, Neutrophils, Eosinophils.

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9
Q

What is a agranulocyte and which leukocytes fall into this catagory?

A

Monocytes Lymphocytes

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10
Q

How many red blood cells are there on average for one white blood cells?

A

700

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11
Q

Which cells are the first responder cells? and how long do the live?

A

Neutrophils? about 8 hours

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12
Q

Which cells are key for Immune system memory?

A

Lymphocytes

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13
Q

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas is a mnemonic for what?

A

The order of frequency that white blood cells occur in the body.

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14
Q

Neutrophils have lobed nuclei this characteristic is called..

A

polymorphonuclear

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15
Q

Which white blood cell is most associated with viral infections?

A

Lymphocytes

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16
Q

Which type of lymphocyte produces antibodies and attack something outside of the cell?

A

B cells

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17
Q

Which type of lymphocyte attache cells on the inside of the cell

A

T cells recognize that cell is infected on the inside.

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18
Q

What is the largest circulating cell?

A

Monocyte

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19
Q

What is a characteristic of the nucleus of the monocyte?

A

Horsehoe of kidney bean shaped

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20
Q

What color are Eosinophils in a wright stain

A

Orange/Red

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21
Q

What is the primary function of Eosinophil?

A

Attack large invaders like worms and parasites

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22
Q

Which cell becomes a macrophage in tissue?

A

Monocytes

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23
Q

How can you recognize Basophils?

A

large purple granules, bu lobed nuclear that is sometimes obscured by the granules

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24
Q

What cells give rise to Mast cells?

A

Basophils

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25
Q

What is it called what foreign blood clumps together due to the presence of antibodies

A

What is agglutination

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26
Q

At what pH or lower are you acidotic?

27
Q

At what pH is your blood too basic?

28
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

The percent of blood that is red blood cells.

29
Q

What percent of blood volume are platelets and white blood cells?

30
Q

What are the dominant proteins in plasma and where are they produced?

A

albumens. Produce in the liver

31
Q

What is the main function of blood proteins.

A

To be osmotically active to hold water in the vessels.

32
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A

An inactive precursor to fiber, which it part of blood clotting

33
Q

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase in the blood?

A

to regulate pH and convert as needed CO2 to bicarbonate (HCO3-).

34
Q

What is polycythemia, and what are its causes?

A

Too high Red blood cell count. Cause by blood doping, tissue hypoxia dehydration

35
Q

Basophils

36
Q

Plasminogen

37
Q

What is Hemopoieis?When does it take place after 12 weeks gestational age?

A

Blood cell production. Bone marrow in diaphysis of bones

38
Q

What is a Megakaryocyte?

39
Q

What is Erythropoietin (EPO)? Where is it produced?

A

An important factor that increase Red blood cells precursors. It is produced in the kidneys and can be given to patients in kidney failure.

40
Q

What is thrombopoietin (TPO)? Where is it produced?

A

Increases megakaryoblast production In the liver.

41
Q

What do Cytokines and Colony stimulating factors do?

A

Stimulate White blood cell production?

42
Q

What is an olde name for platelets?

A

Thromobcytes

43
Q

What Hemopoietic growth factors would be given to someone on chemo?

A

Thrombopoietin and Colony StimulatingFactor

44
Q

What is the function of the shaped of the red blood cells?

A

Large surface area to volume ratio

45
Q

How long does a red blood cell circulate?

A

120 day or about 4 month

46
Q

How long does a red blood cell remain in the spleen before they are broken down?

47
Q

What percent of circulating red blood cells are reticularocytes? What do abnormal levels indicate?

A

.5-1.5%. Low levels could indicate bone marrow problems such as Leukemia. High levels could indicate blood loss

48
Q

What is the primary stimulus for erythropoiesis?

A

Low Oxygen in the blood

49
Q

What the differences in iron requirements between men and women?

A

Women need twice as much dietary iron primarily due to menstruation

50
Q

What is the absorbable form of iron?

51
Q

What is transferrin and its function? Where is it produced?

A

Bind iron keeps it in the Fe2+ oxidation state and prevents in from reacting with other things. Produced in the liver.

52
Q

What is Ferritin?

A

A protein that bind iron and stores it until needed in the liver

53
Q

What are other important cofactors for erythropoiesis?

A

Vitamin B12, Folic acne, Copper, vitamin C

54
Q

What pathway the leads to the breakdown of hem?

A

The spleen converts it from heme to bilibverde and then to bilirubin. The liver incorporate bilirubin into bile which goes through GI tract and excreted in feces. In the GI tract some is converted to urobiliogen and then urobilin in the kidney and then excreted in urine.

55
Q

What protein attaches to the platelet pseudopods to re-enforce the platelet plug?

56
Q

In the extrinsic locating pathway pathway what tissue factor is activated first, and 2nd?

A

factor 3 (thromboplastin, then factor 7

57
Q

In the intrinsic pathway for blood coagulation what is the first step?

A

Factor 12, from platelet coming into contact with collagen pathway?

58
Q

Which pathway is faster for coagulation?

A

extrinsic, takes 2-6 minutes intrinsic longer, 10 minutes or so.

59
Q

What is the factor for the final common pathway?

A

Activated 10. lead to prothrombin. Thrombin plus calcium converts fibrinogen to fibrin

60
Q

What factor locks the fibrin threads together? What is the function?

A

Factor 13. Creates a net that holds the clot together

61
Q

What is the role of vitamin K?

A

It is a co-enzyme in 4 clotting factors

62
Q

What protein are involved in clot dissolution and how do they work.

A

Large proteins get trapped in the fibrin net. In the presence of factor 12 they convert to Kallikrein. Kallikrein converts plasminogen to plasmin, andwhich work to dissolve the clot.

63
Q

What are the only antibodies that can cross the placenta?

A

IGG antibodies

64
Q

What is drug is given Rh- mothers?

A

Rhogam. It prevents the immune system from seeing it.

Bi 232 - PCC Anatomy (12 decks)

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