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Anatomy > Lungs, Segments, Movements of Breathing > Flashcards

Lungs, Segments, Movements of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of Pleura?

A

Parietal Pleura and Visceral Pleura

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2
Q

What does the parietal pleura consist of?

A
  1. Mediastinal Pleural
  2. Cervical Pleura
  3. Costal Pleura
  4. Diaphragmatic Pleura
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3
Q

What is the Neruovascular Supply of the Parietal Pleura?

A
  1. Phrenic Nerves
  2. Intercostal Nerves
  3. Intercostal Arteries
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4
Q

What is the innervation of the Visceral Pleural?

A

Autonomic innervation from pulmonary plexus

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5
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the Parietal and Visceral Pleura at the Midclavicular line?

A

Visceral Pleura–> 6th rib

Parietal Pleural–> 8th rib

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6
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the Parietal and Visceral Pleura at the Midaxillary line?

A

Visceral Pleura–> 8th rib

Parietal Pleura–> 10th rib

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7
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the Parietal and Visceral Pleura at the Midscapular line?

A

Visceral Pleura–> 10th rib

Parietal Pleura–> 12th rib

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8
Q

What are Pleural Recesses?

A

Parts where there are only Parietal Pleura

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9
Q

What are the 2 Pleural Recesses?

A
  1. Costodiaphramatic Recess–> between costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura at the back
  2. Costomediastinal Recess–> between the costal pleura and the Mediastinal Pleura behind the sternum
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10
Q

How do you tell the difference between a left and right lung?

A
  1. Hilum of the lung is always medial
  2. Find the apex of the lung (top)
  3. Find the sharp anterior border (it will be medial)
  4. Left lung has 2 lobes, Right Lung has 3 lobes
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11
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung?

A
  1. Superior
  2. Inferior
  3. Middle
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12
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung separated by?

A

2 Fissures: Oblique fissure and Horizontal fissure, the fissures meet at the lateral side of the lung along the midaxillary line

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13
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the oblique fissure?

A

Goes from T4 at the back, following g the 6th rib around to the 6th costal cartilage.

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14
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the horizontal fissure?

A

4th costal cartilage–> shortcut to find is by using the nipple

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15
Q

What are the contents of the root/hilum of the lung?

A
  1. Bronchus
  2. Pulmonary Artery
  3. 2 Pulmonary veins
  4. Bronchial vessels
  5. Lymph vessels
  6. Pulmonary plexus of nerves
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16
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segement?

A

Individual functioning lung tissue with its own artery and bronchus, but a shared vein and lymphatics

17
Q

What is the clinical significance of bronchopulmonary segments?

A
  1. It may collapse due to stuck mucus e.g. in cystic fibrosis
  2. A BP segment may be excised
  3. Important to look for in chest x-rays, lung disease and collapsed lungs
18
Q

What are the bronchopulmonary segments of the right lung?

A 
Superior Lobe:
1. Apical
2. Posterior
3. Anterior
Middle Lobe:
4. Lateral
5. Medial
Inferior Lobe:
6. Apical/Superior Basal
7. Medial Basal
8. Anterior Basal
9. Lateral Basal
10. Posterior Basal
19
Q

What are the bronchopulmonary segments of the left lung?

A 
Superior Lobe:
1. Apical
2. Posterior
3. Anterior
4. Superior Lingular
5. Inferior Lingular
Inferior Lobe:
6. Apical/Superior Basal
7. Medial Basal
8. Anterior Basal
9. Lateral Basal
10. Posterior Basal
20
Q

Where does the Trachea begin?

A

Level of C6

21
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

Level of T4

22
Q

What is the sensory neural supply of the trachea?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

23
Q

What is the arterial supply of the trachea?

A

Inferior Thyroid Artery

24
Q

What is the venous drainage of the trachea?

A

Brachiocephalic, Azygous and Accessory Hemiazygous Veins

25
Q

What separates the right and left bronchus at the bifurcation of the trachea?

A

The Carina–> should be sharp, if not, the tracheobronchial lymph nodes are enlarged

26
Q

Which bronchus is more susceptible to getting foreign objects stuck in it and why?

A

The right bronchus, it is more vertical than the left bronchus

27
Q

What are there branches of the trachea?

A

Trachea–> Main Bronchus–> Secondary (Lobar Bronchi)–> Segmental (Tertiary bronchi)–> Bronchioles (no cartilage)–> Alveoli

28
Q

What is the arterial supply to the lungs?

A

Bronchial Arteries

29
Q

What is the venous drainage of the lungs?

A

Bronchial veins–> right side to azygous, left side to accessory hemiazygous

30
Q

Where is the hilum of the lung?

A

T5 in forced expiration and T6 in forced inspiration

31
Q

Where is the lower border of the lung?

A

T8 medially to T9 laterally in forced expiration, T9 medially to T12 laterally in forced expiration

32
Q

What is a Traumatic Pneumothorax?

A

Pneumothorax induced by a stab

33
Q

What structures will the needle pass through in a chest drain

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial Fascia
  3. Pectoralis Minor/ Serratus Anterior
  4. Intercostal Muscles
  5. Endothoracic Fascia
  6. Pleura

Anatomy (14 decks)

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