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Anatomy > Cubital Fossa, Forearm, Radius and Ulna > Flashcards

Cubital Fossa, Forearm, Radius and Ulna Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the radius are in the proximal region?

A
  1. The head of Radius
  2. The neck
  3. Radial Tuberosity
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2
Q

What parts of the radius are in the distal region?

A
  1. Ulnar notch

2. Styloid Process

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3
Q

What parts of the ulna are in the proximal region?

A
  1. Trochlea Notch
  2. Olecranon Process
  3. Coronoid Process
  4. Radial Notch
  5. Tuberosity of the Ulna
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4
Q

What are the functions of the Radioulnar Joint?

A

Pronation and Supination

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5
Q

What type of joint is the Radioulnar Joint?

A

Synovial Pivot Joint

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6
Q

What happens to the radius and ulna in pronation and supination?

A

The ulna remains mostly stationary while the radius rotates around it

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7
Q

What are the Muscles involved in Pronation?

A
  1. Pronator Teres

2. Pronator Quadratus

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8
Q

What Muscles are involved in Supination?

A
  1. Supinator

2. Biceps Brachii

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9
Q

What is the nerve supply to the pronator muscles?

A

Median Nerve

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply to the supinator muscles?

A
  1. Biceps Brachii–> Musculocutaneous Nerve

2. Supinator–> Radial Nerve

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11
Q

What is the Cubital Fossa?

A

An Area of transition between the upper arm and forearm

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12
Q

What are the borders of the Cubital Fossa?

A

Lateral–> Medial Border of Brachioradialis
Medial—> Lateral Border of Pronator Trees
Superior–> Imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyles
Roof–> Deep Fascia, Bicipital Aponeurosis
Floor–> Brachialis and Supinator muscles

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13
Q

What are the contents of the Cubital Fossa?

A

(Lateral to Medial)

  1. Radial Nerve
  2. Tendon of Biceps Brachii
  3. Brachial Artery
  4. Median Nerve
  5. Brachial vein
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14
Q

What are the Superficial Flexors in the forearm?

A
  1. Pronator Teres
  2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
  3. Palmaris Longus
  4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
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15
Q

What are the origins of Pronator Teres?

A
  1. Medial Epicondyle

2. Coronoid Process of Ulna

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16
Q

Where does Pronator Teres attach?

A

Midshaft of Radius

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17
Q

What is the nerve supply to Pronator Teres?

A

Median Nerve

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18
Q

What is the function of Pronator Teres?

A

Pronation of the forearm

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19
Q

What are the origins of Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Medial Epicondyle

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20
Q

Where does Flexor Carpi Radialis attach?

A

1st and 2nd Metacarpals

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21
Q

What is the nerve supply to Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Median Nerve

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22
Q

What are the functions of Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Flexion and Abduction of the wrist

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23
Q

What are the origins of Palmaris Longus?

A

Medial Epicondyle

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24
Q

What is special about the Palmaris Longus?

A

It is absent in about 14% of the population

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25
Q

Where does the Palmaris Longus attach?

A

It passes superficially to the Carpal tunnel and becomes the Palmar Aponeurosis

26
Q

What is the nerve supply of Palmaris Longus?

A

Median Nerve

27
Q

What is the function of Palmaris Longus?

A

Flexion of the wrist

28
Q

What is the function of the Palmar Aponeurosis?

A

Maintain the structural integrity of the hand

29
Q

What are the origins of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Medial Epicondyle

30
Q

Where does Flexor Carpi Ulnaris attach?

A

5th metacarpal via the pisiform

31
Q

What is the nerve supply of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Ulnar Nerve

32
Q

What is the function of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Flexion and Adduction of the wrist

33
Q

What are the Intermediate flexors in the Forearm?

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (4 tendons)

34
Q

What are the origins of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A
  1. Medial Epicondyle

2. Radius

35
Q

Where does the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Attach?

A

It splits into 4 tendons, run through the carpal tunnel and attach to the Middle Phalanges of the 4 fingers

36
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Median Nerve

37
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and the Interphalangeal joints

38
Q

What are the Deep Flexors in the Forearm?

A
  1. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
  2. Flexor Pollicis Longus
  3. Pronator Quadratus
39
Q

What are the origins of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

A

Ulna and its associated Interosseous Membrane

40
Q

Where does the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Attach?

A

It splits into 4 tendons, run through the carpal tunnel and attach to the Distal Phalanges of the 4 fingers

41
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

A

1/2 Median Nerve, 1/2 Ulnar Nerve

42
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

A

Flexion at the distal interphalangeal joins, metacarpophalangeal joints and the wrist

43
Q

What are the origins of Flexor Pollicis Longus?

A

Radius and it’s associated Interosseous Membrane

44
Q

Where does Flexor Pollicis Longus Attach?

A

It runs through the carpal tunnel and attaches to the Distal Phalanx of the Thumb

45
Q

What is the nervous supply of Flexor Pollicis Longus?

A

Median Nerve

46
Q

What is the function of Flexor Pollicis Longus?

A

Flexes the distal interphalangeal joints, metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

47
Q

What are the origins and attachments of Pronator Quadratus?

A

Radius and Ulna

48
Q

What is the nerve supply of Pronator Quadratus?

A

Median Nerve

49
Q

What is the function of pronator Quadtratus?

A

Pronation of the Forearm

50
Q

Describe the Nervous Supply of the Forearm

A

All the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are suppled by the Median nerve, with the exception of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and 1/2 of Flexor Digitorum Profundus, which are supplied by the Ulnar Nerve

51
Q

Describe the pathway of the Median Nerve

A

It passes through the cubital fossa, between the 2 heads of Pronator Teres, and becomes superficial near the wrist, giving off the Palmar Cutaneous Branch before passing deep to the Flexor Retinaculum, through the carpal tunnel

52
Q

Describe the pathway of the Ulnar Nerve

A

It descends under the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, gives off Dorsal Cutaneous Branch to supply the dorsal fingers before crossing over the Flexor Retinaculum

53
Q

What is the blood supply to the forearm?

A

Radial Artery and Ulnar Artery

54
Q

Describe the pathway of the Radial Artery

A

It lies deep to the Brachioradialis before emerging medial to it. At the wrist, it lies radial to the Flexor Carpi Radialis then runs posteriorly to the anatomical snuffbox

55
Q

Describe the pathway of the Ulnar Artery?

A

It runs beneath Pronator Teres and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, then passes beneath the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris with the Ulnar Nerve. At the wrist, it lies radial to the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

56
Q

How do you test the integrity of the Radial and Ulnar Arteries?

A

Allen’s Test

57
Q

How do you perform Allen’s test?

A
  1. The 2 arteries are simultaneous occluded while the patient makes a fist
  2. The hand is opened and the palm will bee pale
  3. The ulnar/radial artery is released and the hand is observed for colour change back to normal
58
Q

What kind of fracture is caused by a fall on an outstretched hand?

A

Colles Fracture

59
Q

Describe a Colles Fracture

A

The radius is fractured–> Dorsal displacement of the distal radius on the shaft. The Ulnar styloid Process might be avulsed and the Radial Styloid Process will be on the same level as the Ulnar Styloid Process

60
Q

What causes a Smith’s Fracture?

A

Fall on the back of the flexed wrist

61
Q

Describe a Smith’s Fracture

A

Anterior displacement of the distal end of the radius

Anatomy (14 decks)

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