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Anatomy > Breast, Pectoral Muscles and Clavipectoral Fascia > Flashcards

Breast, Pectoral Muscles and Clavipectoral Fascia Flashcards

1
Q

How do you identify whether a clavicle is right or left?

A
  1. Identify acromial and sternal ends (Acromial end is flatter)
  2. Identify which surface is inferior and superior–> superior is smooth, inferior is rough
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2
Q

Where does the sternal end of the clavicle attach to, and what joint is it?

A

Attaches to the Manubrium of the Sternum at the Sternoclavicular Joint. It is an atypical synovial joint

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3
Q

Where does the acromial end of the clavicle attach to, and what joint is it?

A

Attaches to the Acromion on the Scapula at the Acromioclavicular Joint. It is an atypical synovial joint

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4
Q

What is an atypical synovial joint?

A

It is a synovial joint, but it’s articular cartilage is made of fibrocartilage rather than hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

What ligaments attach to the clavicle at the acromial end?

A

The coaracoclavicular ligament, consisting of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments

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6
Q

What ligaments attach to the clavicle at the sternal end?

A

The costoclavicular ligament

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7
Q

What happens when the clavicle gets fractured?

A

The sternocleidomastoid muscle pulls the medial side upwards, and the lateral side goes down

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8
Q

Where is the spine of the scapula?

A

T3 to T7

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9
Q

How do you identify if a scapula is right or left?

A

Identify the medial and lateral borders, then find the coracoid process–> it will be anterior

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10
Q

Where does the Humerus attach to the Scapula?

A

The Glenoid cavity/fossa, at the glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

What happens if the Thoracic Nerve of Bell is not working?

A

The Scapula becomes winged

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12
Q

Where does Pectoralis Major originate?

A

Clavicle and Sternum

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13
Q

Where does Pectoralis Major Attach?

A

Lateral lip of the bicipital groove on the humerus

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14
Q

What is the nervous supply of Pectoralis Major?

A

Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerves

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15
Q

What is the blood supply of Pectoralis Major?

A

Lateral Thoracic Artery, Pectoral Branch of Thoracoacromial Artery and Anterior Intercostal Arteries

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16
Q

What are the functions of Pectoralis Major?

A

Flexion, Adduction and Medial Rotation

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17
Q

Where does Pectoralis Minor Originate?

A

Ribs 3-5

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18
Q

Where does Pectoralis Minor Attach?

A

Coracoid Process of Scapula

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19
Q

What is the nervous supply of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Medial Pectoral Nerve

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20
Q

What is the function of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Protraction, Stabilise the Scapula

21
Q

Where does the Subclavius originate?

A

1st rib

22
Q

Where does Subclavius attach?

A

The inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle

23
Q

What is the nervous supply of Subclavius?

A

The Nerve to Subclavius

24
Q

What is the function of Subclavius?

A

Stabilise the clavicle

25
Q

Where does Serratus Anterior Originate?

A

Lateral sides of Ribs 1-8

26
Q

Where does Serratus Anterior attach?

A

The costal surface of the medial border of the scapula

27
Q

What is the nervous supply of Serratus Anterior?

A

The Long Thoracic Nerve of Bell

28
Q

What is the function of Serratus Anterior?

A
  1. Protraction and Lateral Rotation of the Scapula

2. Holds the scapula against the ribcage–> prevents winging of the scapula

29
Q

Where is the Clavipectoral Fascia?

A

It separates the clavicle and Pectoralis Minor

30
Q

What vessels go into the Clavipectoral Fascia?

A
  1. Cephalic Vein

2. Lymph Vessels

31
Q

What vessels come out of the Clavipectoral Fascia

A
  1. Thoracoacromial Artery

2. Lateral Pectoral Nerve

32
Q

Where is the breast?

A
  1. Located between ribs 2-6
33
Q

Where is the nipple located on an normal average male?

A

The 4th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

34
Q

What is the breast made out of?

A
  1. 12 Lobes
  2. 15-20 Lobules
  3. Acini
  4. Ducts
35
Q

What are Montgomery Follicles?

A

Sebaceous Glands forming small rounded projections from the surface of the areola

36
Q

What is the function of Montgomery Follicles?

A

Secretes a substance to provides resistance to chapping during lactation

37
Q

What are Cooper’s Ligaments and their functions?

A
  1. Connects breast tissue to skin

2. Provide structural support and integrity to the breast

38
Q

What happens to the female breast during the late stages of pregnancy and lactation?

A

The fatty tissue in the breast is replaced by ducts and acini

39
Q

What is the blood supply of the breast?

A
  1. Internal Thoracic Artery
  2. Lateral Thoracic Artery
  3. Thoracoacromial Artery
  4. Intercostal Arteries 2-5
  5. Internal Mammary Artery
40
Q

What is the venous drainage of the breast?

A

Subclavian Vein and Brachiocephalic vein

41
Q

What is Polymastia?

A

Extra breast

42
Q

What is Polythelia?

A

Extra nipple

43
Q

What is Glynaecomastia?

A

Breast in Males

44
Q

What is the Lymphatic drainage of the breast?

A
  1. Axillary nodes (75%)
  2. Parasternal Nodes (20%)
  3. Posterior Intercostal Nodes (5%)
45
Q

Where do the Axillary Nodes drain into?

A

The Subclavian Trunk

46
Q

What are the groups of the Axillary Nodes?

A
  1. Apical
  2. Central
  3. Anterior
  4. Lateral
  5. Posterior
47
Q

Which group of the Axillary Nodes is enlarged in Breast Cancer?

A

Anterior Axillary Nodes

48
Q

What are the types of lumps in the breast?

A
  1. Cysts (build up of liquid)
  2. Adenoma (mobile, Benign Tumour)
  3. Carcinoma ( Non-mobile Malignant Tumour)
49
Q

What are the symptoms of Carcinoma in Breasts?

A
  1. Skin Dimpling
  2. Change in Colour (Edema of skin)
  3. Retracted and Deviated Nipple
  4. Abnormal Contours

Anatomy (14 decks)

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