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Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the Axilla?

A
  1. Base: Skin of the armpit
  2. Anterior: Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor and Subclavius
  3. Medial Wall: Serratus Anterior and Thoracic Wall
  4. Posterior: Theres Major, Teres Minor, Latissimus Dorsi and Subscapularis Muscles
  5. Lateral: Intertubercular groove on the humerus
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2
Q

What are the contents of the Axilla?

A
  1. Axillary Artery
  2. Brachial Plexus
  3. Axillary Vein
  4. Axillary Lymph Nodes
  5. Tendons of Biceps Brachii and Coracobrachialis
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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Axillary Artery and what separates them?

A

They are separated by Pectoralis Minor.

  1. Medial to Pectoralis Minor
  2. Behind Pectoralis Minor
  3. Between Pectoralis Minor and the Lateral Border of Teres Major
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4
Q

What are the branch(es) of the 1st part of the Axillary Artery?

A

Superior Thoracic Artery

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5
Q

What are the branches of the 2nd part of the Axillary Artery?

A
  1. Lateral Thoracic Artery

2. Thoracoacromial Artery

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6
Q

What are the branches of the 3rd part of the Axillary Artery?

A
  1. Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
  2. Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
  3. Subscapular Artery
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7
Q

Where does the Axillary Vein drain into?

A

The Subclavian Vein

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8
Q

What are the groups of Axillary Lymph Nodes?

A
  1. Apical
  2. Central
  3. Anterior
  4. Lateral
  5. Posterior
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9
Q

What are the borders of the Quadrangular Space?

A
  1. Inferior Margin of Teres Minor
  2. Surgical neck of Humerus
  3. Superior Margin of Teres Major
  4. Lateral Margin of the Long Head of Triceps
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10
Q

What goes through the Quadrangular Space?

A
  1. Axillary Nerve

2. Posterior Circumflex Artery

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11
Q

What are the borders of the Triangular Interval?

A
  1. Shaft of the Humerus
  2. Inferior Margin of Teres Major
  3. The Lateral Margin of the Long Head of Triceps
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12
Q

What is the hierarchy of the Brachial Plexus?

A

Roots–> Trunks–> Divisions–> Cords–> Branches

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13
Q

What are the roots of the Brachial Plexus?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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14
Q

What Nerves branch of the roots of the Brachial Plexus?

A
  1. Long Thoracic Nerve of Bell from C5, C6, C7
  2. Contribution to Phrenic Nerve from C5
  3. Dorsal Scauplar Nerve from C5
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15
Q

What Injuries can there be to the roots of the Brachial Plexus?

A
  1. Erb’s/ Erb-Duchenne Palsy–> Waiter’s Tip, Injury to C5,C6
  2. Klumpke’s Paralysis–> “Claw Hand”, Injury to T1
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16
Q

What are the Trunks of the Brachial Plexus and where are they from?

A
  1. Superior (from C5,C6)
  2. Middle (from C7)
  3. Inferior (From C8, T1)
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17
Q

What Nerves branch off the trunks of the Brachial Plexus?

A
  1. Suprascapular Nerve and Nerve to Subclavius both branch off the superior trunk
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18
Q

How many divisions does each trunk of the Brachial Plexus have?

A

2- Anterior and Posterior

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19
Q

What are the Cords of the Brachial Plexus and where are they from?

A
  1. Lateral (From the Anterior divisions of the Superior and Middle Trunk)
  2. Posterior (From the Posterior divisions of all 3 trunks)
  3. Medial (from the Anterior division of the Inferior trunk)
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20
Q

What are the branches of the Lateral Cord of the Brachial Plexus?

A
  1. Lateral Root of the Median Nerve
  2. Lateral Pectoral Nerve
  3. Musculocutaneous Nerve
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21
Q

What are the branches of the Posterior Cord of the Brachial Plexus?

A
  1. Upper Subscapular Nerve
  2. Thoracodorsal Nerve
  3. Axillary Nerve
  4. Radial Nerve
  5. Lower Subscapular Nerve
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22
Q

What are the branches of the Medial Cord of the Brachial Plexus?

A
  1. Medial Root of the Median Nerve
  2. Medial Pectoral Nerve
  3. Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Arm
  4. Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Forearm
  5. Ulnar Nerve
23
Q

What are the origins of the Subclavius Muscle?

24
Q

Where does the Subclavius Muscle Attach?

A

Inferior surface of the Clavicle

25
Q

What is the function of the Subclavius muscle?

A

Stabilise the Clavicle during movement

26
Q

What are the origins of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Anterior surface of Ribs 3-5

27
Q

Where does Pectoralis Minor Attach?

A

Coracoid Process of Scapula

28
Q

What is the function of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Rotates the shoulder anteriorly

29
Q

What is the nerve supply to Pectoralis Minor?

A

Medial Pectoral Nerve

30
Q

What are the origins of Serratus Anterior?

31
Q

Where does Serratus Anterior Attach?

A

Anterior surface of the vertebral border of the scapula

32
Q

What is the function of Serratus Anterior?

A

Move the arm from side of body to front of body, and holds the scapula in place

33
Q

What is the nerve supply to Serratus Anterior?

A

Long Thoracic Nerve of Bell

34
Q

What are the origins of Trapezius Muscle?

A

Skull, Vertebrae C7-T12

35
Q

Where does Trapezius Muscle Attach?

A

Acromion and spine of the Scapula, Clavicle

36
Q

What is the function of Trapezius Muscle?

A
  1. Elevates shoulders
  2. Pulls shoulder blades together
  3. Tilts Head backwards
37
Q

What is the nerve supply to Trapezius Muscle?

A

Accessory Nerve

38
Q

What are the origins of Rhomboid Major?

A

Vertebrae T2-T5

39
Q

Where does Rhomboid Major Attach?

A

Medial Border of the Scapula

40
Q

What is the function of Rhomboid Major?

A

Stabilise the Scapula during Pectoral Girdle Movement

41
Q

What is the nerve supply to Rhomboid Major?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

42
Q

What are the origins of Rhomboid Minor?

A

Vertebrae C7 and T1

43
Q

Where does Rhomboid Minor Attach?

A

Medial Border of the Scapula

44
Q

What is the function of Rhomboid Minor?

A

Stabilise the Scapula during Pectoral Girdle Movement

45
Q

What is the nerve supply to Rhomboid Minor?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

46
Q

What are the origins of Latissimus Dorsi?

A
  1. Spinous processes of T6-T12
  2. Iliac Crest
  3. Thoracolumbar Fascia
47
Q

Where does Latissimus Dorsi Attach?

A

Intertubercular sulcus of the Humerus

48
Q

What is the function of Latissimus Dorsi?

A
  1. Extension of upper limb
  2. Adduction of upper limb
  3. Medial Rotation of upper limb
49
Q

What is the nerve supply of Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve

50
Q

What are the origins of Levator Scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of C1-C4

51
Q

Where does Levator Scapulae Attach?

A

Medial border of Scapula

52
Q

What is the function of Levator Scauplae?

A

Elevates the Scapula

53
Q

What is the nerve supply of Levator Scauplae?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Anatomy (14 decks)

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