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Anatomy > Hand, Carpus 1 > Flashcards

Hand, Carpus 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of bones in the hand?

A
  1. Carpals
  2. Metacarpals
  3. Phalanges
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2
Q

What are the Carpal Bones?

A
  1. Scaphoid
  2. Lunate
  3. Triquetrum
  4. Pisiform
  5. Trapezium
  6. Trapezoid
  7. Capitate
  8. Hamate
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3
Q

Which of the Carpal Bones are in the Proximal Row?

A
  1. Scaphoid
  2. Lunate
  3. Triquetrum
  4. Pisiform
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4
Q

Which of the Carpal Bones are in the Distal Row?

A
  1. Trapezium
  2. Trapezoid
  3. Capitate
  4. Hamate
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5
Q

What type of bone is the Pisiform?

A

Sesamoid Bone

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6
Q

Which of the Carpal Bones does the Radius articulate with?

A

Scaphoid and Lunate

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7
Q

Which of the Carpal Bones does the Ulna articulate with?

A

None, but forms an articulating surface with the Triquetrum

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8
Q

What are the parts of a Metacarpal bone?

A
  1. Head
  2. Shaft
  3. Base
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9
Q

What does the head of the Metacarpal articulate with?

A

The Proximal Phalynx–> forms the knuckle

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10
Q

What does the base of the Metacarpals articulate with?

A

The Carpal Bones

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11
Q

What are the parts of a Phalange bone?

A

For digits 2-5–> Distal, Middle and Proximal

For 1st digit (thumb)–> Distal and Proximal

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12
Q

Describe the 1st Carpometacarpal Joint

A

It is a saddle-type synovial joint–> gives the thumb a wide range of movements (Flexion, Extension, Abduction and Adduction)

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13
Q

What happens if the 1st Carpometacarpal Joint is Fractured?

A

Known as Bennet’s Fracture–> Caused by Hyperabduction of the thumb and results in no grip in the thumb

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14
Q

Describe Abduction in the fingers

A

Movement of the fingers away from the midline of the hand

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15
Q

Describe Adduction in the fingers

A

Movement of the fingers towards the midline of the hand

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16
Q

What nerve is responsible for Abduction and Adduction in the fingers?

A

Ulnar Nerve

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17
Q

What are the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand?

A
  1. Thenar Muscles
  2. Hypothenar Muscles
  3. Lumbricals
  4. Interossei Muscles
  5. Palmaris Brevis
  6. Adductor Pollicis
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18
Q

What are the Thenar Muscles?

A
  1. Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB)
  2. Flexor Pollicis Brevis (FPB)
  3. Opponens Pollicis (OP)
  4. Adductor Pollicis
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19
Q

What is the origin of Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB)?

A

Lateral Carpal Bones

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20
Q

Where does the Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB) Attach?

A

Proximal Phalanx of thumb

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21
Q

What is the nerve supply of Abductor Pollicis Brevis APB)?

A

Median Nerve

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22
Q

What is the function of Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB)?

A

Abduction of the Thumb

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23
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Pollicis Brevis (FPB)?

A

Lateral Carpal Bones

24
Q

Where does Flexor Pollicis Brevis (FPB) attach?

A

Proximal Phalanx of Thumb

25
Q

What is the nerve supply of Flexor Pollicis Brevis (FPB)?

A

Median Nerve

26
Q

What is the function of Flexor Pollicis Brevis (FPB)?

A

Flexion of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of Thumb

27
Q

What is the origin of Opponens Pollicis (OP)

A

Lateral Carpal Bones

28
Q

Where does Opponens Pollicis (OP) attach?

A

The Lateral Border of the 1st Metacarpal

29
Q

What is the nerve supply of Opponens Pollicis (OP)?

A

Median Nerve

30
Q

What is the function of Opponens Pollicis (OP)?

A

Opposition of the Thumb

31
Q

What is the origin of Adductor Pollicis?

A

Capitate, 2nd and 3rd Metacarpals

32
Q

Where does Adductor Pollicis attach?

A

Proximal 1st Phalanx

33
Q

What is the nerve supply of Adductor Pollicis?

A

Ulnar Nerve

34
Q

What is the function of Adductor Pollicis?

A

Adduction of the Thumb

35
Q

What are the Hypothenar Muscles?

A
  1. Abductor Digiti Minimi
  2. Flexor Digiti Minimi
  3. Opponens Digiti Minimi
36
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Hypothenar Muscles?

A

Ulnar Nerve

37
Q

What are Lumbrical Muscles?

A

Muscles that arise from the tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus–> They pass on the radial side of the metacarpophalangeal join to join extensor expansions

38
Q

What are the functions of the Lumbrical Muscles?

A
  1. Flexion of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint
  2. Extension of the Interphalangeal Joints
    - -> Overall movement: Straight finger flexion
39
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Lumbrical Muscles?

A

1/2 Median Nerve, 1/2 Ulnar Nerve

40
Q

What are the 2 groups of Interossei Muscles?

A
  1. Palmar Interossei Muscles

2. Dorsal Interossei Muscles

41
Q

What is the function of Palmar Interossei Muscles?

A

Palmar Interossei Muscles ADducts the fingers (PAD)

42
Q

What is the function of Dorsal Interossei Muscles?

A

Dorsal Interossei Muscles ABducts the fingers (DAB)

43
Q

What is the nerve supply of Interossei Muscles?

A

Ulnar Nerve

44
Q

Describe the Nervous Supply of the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

A

All the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand are supplied by the Ulnar Nerve with the exception of 1/2 of the Lumbricals, Opponens Pollicis, Abductor Pollicis Brevis and Flexor Pollicis Brevis which are all supplied by the Median Nerve

45
Q

What are Palmar Spaces?

A

Spaces between the Long Flexors and Interossei/Adductor Pollicis

46
Q

What is the Palmar Aponeurosis?

A

The fascia overlying the palm of the hand

47
Q

What is the function of the Palmar Aponeurosis?

A

To maintain the structural integrity of the hand during flexion

48
Q

What are the borders of the Carpal Tunnel?

A
  1. Carpal Arch

2. Flexor Retinaculum

49
Q

What forms the Carpal Arch?

A
  1. Scaphoid
  2. Trapezium
  3. Trapezoid
  4. Capitate
  5. Hamate
  6. Triquetrum
  7. Pisiform
50
Q

What passes through the Carpal Tunnel?

A
  1. 4 tendons of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
  2. 4 tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus
  3. Flexor Pollicis Longus
  4. Median Nerve
51
Q

What happens if there is swelling/inflammation near the carpal tunnel?

A

There can be Carpal Tunnel Syndrome–> Compression of the Median Nerve, causing Motor Loss of the Thenar Muscles

52
Q

What is the main concern if the patient has a Scaphoid Fracture?

A

Avascular Necrosis of the proximal part

53
Q

How do you check if a patient has Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A
  1. Check the Thenar Muscles for Motor Function
  2. Test the Sensory Function of the skin of the palm–> if it works, then the patient has Carpal tunnel Syndrome. If it does not work, the patient has a lesion in the Median Nerve prior to the Carpal Tunnel
54
Q

How do you check for Scaphoid Fracture?

A
  1. Press on the anatomical snuffbox of both hands of the patient
  2. If it hurts and stays sore on 1 side compared to the other, there is a fracture there
55
Q

What is caused by fibrosis in the Palmar Aponeurosis?

A

Dupuytren’s Contraction–> results in shortening and thickening the the digital bands that pulls the 4th and 5th digits to varying degrees of flexion

Anatomy (14 decks)

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