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Asthma RCM week 1 > Lung volumes and lung function testing > Flashcards

Lung volumes and lung function testing Flashcards

1
Q

What is lung compliance

A

Stretchiness

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2
Q

What is the lung like at higher pressure

A

Stiffer, so lower compliance

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3
Q

What is the lung like at lower pressure

A

Less stiff, more compliance

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4
Q

What part of the lung is more compliant than the apex

A

Base

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5
Q

What is lung compliance ensued by

A

Elastic recoil

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6
Q

What are some diseases where there is decreased compliance

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar oedema

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7
Q

When ay there be increased compliance

A

normal aging lung

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8
Q

What is lung compliance dependent on

A

Thoracic cage

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9
Q

For efficient ventilation, what do healthy people have

A
  • High lung compliance

- Low alveolar surface tension due to surfactant (to stop lung collapsing)

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10
Q

What do tests of lungs need to test

A
  • Mechanical condition of lungs
  • Resistance of airways
  • Diffusion acores alveolar membrane
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11
Q

What does a spirometer test and what is It dependent on

A

Lung volumes

-Lung’s elastic properties and the properties of the muscles of the chest wall

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12
Q

What is TV

A

volume of air moving into and out of the lung at rest

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13
Q

What is VC

A

Volume of air moving into and out of the lungs following forceful inhalation and forceful exhalation

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14
Q

What can you not measure using a spirometer

A

How much air is left in your lungs after forceful expiration

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15
Q

What is TLC

A

Tota lung capacity

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16
Q

What is FVC

A

Forced vital capacity -total volume exhaled

17
Q

What should usually be the FVC

A

> 80% of the air inhaled should be expired out

18
Q

How to measure lung function

A

Functional residual capacity

19
Q

What is FRC measured using

A

Helium dilution (because helium is not metabolized) or nitrogen washout

20
Q

Whats the procedure for nitrogen washout

A
  • patient inspires 100% O2
  • Expires into the spirometer system
  • Procedure repeated until N2 in the lungs is replaced with O2
  • FRC calculated from exhaled N2 and estimated alveolar N2
21
Q

What is a restrictive deficit

A

Lung expansion is compromised- alterations in lung parenchyma, disease of the pleura or chest wall

-Lungs do not full to capacity hence they are less full before expiration

22
Q

What is the FVC like in a restrictive deficit

A

Reduced

23
Q

What is the FEV 1 like in restrictive deficit

A

Relatively normal

24
Q

What is the FEV1/FVC like in a restrictive deficit

A

Normal/increased

25
Q

What is FEV like in an obstructive deficit

A

reduced

26
Q

What is FVC like in obstructive deficit

A

Normal

27
Q

What is the FEC1/FVC like in an obstructive deficit

A

Lower

28
Q

What is another lung function test

A

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEF)

29
Q

What does the flow-volume curve show

A

Expiratory flow rate and expiratory volume

30
Q

What is the deep breath in

A

TLC

31
Q

What is the deep and fast breath out

A

RV

32
Q

Which part of the flow volume curve is dependent on effort (effort increases flow rate)

A

TLC-PEF

33
Q

Whichpart of the flow volume curve is independent of effort (effort does not increase flow rate)

A

PEF-RV

34
Q

How to measure gas transfer

A

Diffusion conductance

35
Q

How do you measure diffusion conductance

A

Measure how easily carbon monoxide crosses from alveolar air to blood

36
Q

How is the diffusion conductance test done

A
  • Patient inhales a single breath of carbon monoxide followed by a breath-hold of 10 seconds
  • Diffusion capacity is calculated from the lung volume and the percentage of CO in the alveoli at the beginning and the en of the 10s breath- hold

Asthma RCM week 1 (12 decks)

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