Lung volumes and lung function testing Flashcards

1
Q

What is lung compliance

A

Stretchiness

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2
Q

What is the lung like at higher pressure

A

Stiffer, so lower compliance

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3
Q

What is the lung like at lower pressure

A

Less stiff, more compliance

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4
Q

What part of the lung is more compliant than the apex

A

Base

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5
Q

What is lung compliance ensued by

A

Elastic recoil

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6
Q

What are some diseases where there is decreased compliance

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar oedema

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7
Q

When ay there be increased compliance

A

normal aging lung

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8
Q

What is lung compliance dependent on

A

Thoracic cage

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9
Q

For efficient ventilation, what do healthy people have

A
  • High lung compliance

- Low alveolar surface tension due to surfactant (to stop lung collapsing)

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10
Q

What do tests of lungs need to test

A
  • Mechanical condition of lungs
  • Resistance of airways
  • Diffusion acores alveolar membrane
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11
Q

What does a spirometer test and what is It dependent on

A

Lung volumes

-Lung’s elastic properties and the properties of the muscles of the chest wall

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12
Q

What is TV

A

volume of air moving into and out of the lung at rest

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13
Q

What is VC

A

Volume of air moving into and out of the lungs following forceful inhalation and forceful exhalation

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14
Q

What can you not measure using a spirometer

A

How much air is left in your lungs after forceful expiration

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15
Q

What is TLC

A

Tota lung capacity

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16
Q

What is FVC

A

Forced vital capacity -total volume exhaled

17
Q

What should usually be the FVC

A

> 80% of the air inhaled should be expired out

18
Q

How to measure lung function

A

Functional residual capacity

19
Q

What is FRC measured using

A

Helium dilution (because helium is not metabolized) or nitrogen washout

20
Q

Whats the procedure for nitrogen washout

A
  • patient inspires 100% O2
  • Expires into the spirometer system
  • Procedure repeated until N2 in the lungs is replaced with O2
  • FRC calculated from exhaled N2 and estimated alveolar N2
21
Q

What is a restrictive deficit

A

Lung expansion is compromised- alterations in lung parenchyma, disease of the pleura or chest wall

-Lungs do not full to capacity hence they are less full before expiration

22
Q

What is the FVC like in a restrictive deficit

23
Q

What is the FEV 1 like in restrictive deficit

A

Relatively normal

24
Q

What is the FEV1/FVC like in a restrictive deficit

A

Normal/increased

25
What is FEV like in an obstructive deficit
reduced
26
What is FVC like in obstructive deficit
Normal
27
What is the FEC1/FVC like in an obstructive deficit
Lower
28
What is another lung function test
Peak expiratory flow rate (PEF)
29
What does the flow-volume curve show
Expiratory flow rate and expiratory volume
30
What is the deep breath in
TLC
31
What is the deep and fast breath out
RV
32
Which part of the flow volume curve is dependent on effort (effort increases flow rate)
TLC-PEF
33
Whichpart of the flow volume curve is independent of effort (effort does not increase flow rate)
PEF-RV
34
How to measure gas transfer
Diffusion conductance
35
How do you measure diffusion conductance
Measure how easily carbon monoxide crosses from alveolar air to blood
36
How is the diffusion conductance test done
- Patient inhales a single breath of carbon monoxide followed by a breath-hold of 10 seconds - Diffusion capacity is calculated from the lung volume and the percentage of CO in the alveoli at the beginning and the en of the 10s breath- hold