Biological role of respiration, histology and defence mechanisms

Question 1

What are the three principle compartments of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Conduction Zone: Conditioning of inhaled air

Respiratory Zone: Site of gas exchange

Musculo-elastic ventilation appararatus: Drives ventilation

Question 2

What are airways kept open by

Answer 2

Either bony or cartilaginous scaffolds

Question 3

What is the role of turbinate bones in the nasal cavity

Answer 3

Form narrow passageways that create turubulence, driving air in and out of sinuses which enhances surface to air volume ratio

Question 4

What adjusts the temperature and moisturises air

Answer 4

Large venous plexus in the submucosa

Question 5

Where does mucus lie in the nasal cavity

Answer 5

Lining all the way to the terminal bronchioles

Question 6

What is the epithelium of the respiratory tract

Answer 6

respiratory type

Question 7

What do the veins of venous plexus in mucosa do

Answer 7

Mediate exchange of moisture with the air; their filling status also regulates the flow of air through the nasal cavity

Question 8

What is the role of the olfactory epithelium

Answer 8

Conveys the sense of smell

Question 9

What does the respiratory epithelium consist of

Answer 9

-Pseudostratified, ciliated epithelium of varying thickness with mucous producing goblet cells

Question 10

What is the bronchial lumen bordered with

Answer 10

Respiratory epithelium

Question 11

What does the bronchus contain

Answer 11

Incomplete ring of smooth muscle located between the epithelium and cartilage

Cartilage on its wall

Question 12

What does a bronchioles not have

Answer 12

Cartilage on its wall

Question 13

How does a bronchiole differ from a bronchus

Answer 13

• Fewer goblet cells
• Complete ring og sooth muscle surrounding the epithelium
• No submucosal glands

Question 14

What does the epithelium of the smaller bronchiole become

Answer 14

Cuboidal

Question 15

What does the epithelium of the smaller bronchioli consist of

Answer 15

Ciliated cells as well as non-ciliated club cells

Question 16

What is the role of club cells

Answer 16

Have a protective role - generate serous secretions

Question 17

How does bronchioli differ to bronchi

Answer 17

Ratio of muscle ring thickness to luminal diameter is higher as bronchiolar constriction induces high airway resistance

Question 18

What does the connective tissue of the alveoli and the lower airways contain

Answer 18

Numerous elastin fibres

Question 19

Where is the blood supply to the alveolar capillary network from

Answer 19

Pulmonary circulation

Question 20

Where do the bronchi have their own blood supply from

Answer 20

Aorta (bronchial circulation)

Question 21

What is the role of a surfactant

Answer 21

reduce surface tension which allows the expansion of the lung and prevents the collapse of the alveoli

Question 22

What produces surfactant

Answer 22

type 2 pneumocytes

Question 23

What are the pleural walls covered with

Answer 23

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 24

What do the elastic fibres in the interstitial spaces in the alveoli do if the pleural cavity is pierced

Answer 24

Cause a lung to shrink

Question 25

Where are the lymph vessels of the lung’s drainage system found

-Where do they drain

Answer 25

In septa next to the vessels of the pulmonary circulation

-Drain into major lymph nodes along the trachea