Lung & Thorax Flashcards
The ___ intercostal space is just below the tip of the scapula (inferior tip)
7th
The ___ lobes of the lungs are mainly posterior
Lower
The oblique fissures of the lungs start at about the spinous process of ___
T3
The diaphragm is located at approximately ____ posteriorly, and has 5cm of excursion to ____ with inspiration (vertebral levels)
T10, T12
Blue or purple color of deoxygenated hemoglobin seen through the skin (lips, nails beds)
Cyanosis
____ of the fingers/nails is seen with cardiopulmonary disease
Clubbing
Name the accessory muscles of inhalation
Scalenes, SCM, traps
If lateral and AP chest expansion is less than 1 inch think ________
Ankylosing spondylitis
Palpation of the lungs (ant and posterior) for vibration is known as _____. “99, 99, 99”
Tactile fremitus
During percussion, the normal lung sound is _____
Resonance
In bronchophony (auscultating the lung fields with stethoscope-diaphragm) a fail would be ______
Clear words - consolidation
Assesses ventilation capabilities
Spirometry
A shallow, rapid rate of breathing >20rpm
Tachypnea
A rapid rate of DEEP breathing. Volume and repetitions are increased
Hyperpnea (hyperventilation)
A slow, shallow rate of breathing <12rpm
Bradypnea
Name 3 things that cause prolonged expiration
Asthma, Chronic bronchitis, COPD
Bloody sputum
Hemoptysis
Inflammation of the pleura
Pleurisy/pleuritis
Fluid buildup between the lungs and chest
Pleural effusion
A collapsed lung (due to air entering chest)
Pneumothorax
Complete or partial collapse of a lung, or section (lobe) of a lung
Atelectasis
The trachea will deviate ___lateral with a pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and will deviate ____lateral when dealing with atelectasis.
Contra, ipsi
The primary cause of “barrel chest”? (Chest is basically held in the position of inspiration)
Emphysema (destruction and enlargement of air spaces - subcategory of COPD)
From superior to inferior/lateral, name the normal breathing sounds (lung sounds):
- Bronchial (up above the manubrium)
- Bronchovesicular (midline, heard best in 1st/2nd interspaces between scapulae)
- Vesicular (over the majority of the lung)
Medical term for crackles (breathing sounds)
Rales
A high-pitched noisy respiration, “like the blowing of the wind”, which is a medical emergency
Stridor
Course rattling or snoring quality (of breath sounds)
Ronchi
A cough with GREEN sputum which tastes bad is a classic finding of ____
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the air sacs in the lung(s). May fill with fluid (exudate)
Pneumonia
The most common lung and airway infection of infants and children - caused by airborne pathogen
RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
A “barking cough” due to swelling around the vocal cords
Croup
An INHERITED life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system. Repeated lung infections, inability to gain weight, greasy, fatty stools are all symptoms
Cystic Fibrosis
Discomfort/dyspnea brought on or aggravated by lying flat - commonly at night
Orthopnea
