Heart Flashcards
An ___ apex beat suggests pressure overload and hypertrophy of the left ventricle
Exaggerated
A ___ apex beat suggests volume overload and dilation of the left ventricle
Displaced
The sternal angle is also known as:
Angle of Louis
The carotid artery has __ pulsation(s) per cardiac cycle
One
A paradoxical rise in Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) on inspiration (usually it lowers)
Kussmaul Sign
What is a late and weak pulse called?
Pulsus Tardus
Name of a high pulse pressure, such as w/aortic regurgitation
Water-hammer pulse
The most lateral pulsation of the chest that can be PALPATED
Apical Impulse
When auscultating the heart, the S1 will be a ___ sound, while S2 will be a ___ sound
Lubb, dub
When listening to the heart with a stethoscope, the gap from S1 to S2 sounds indicate the ___ portion of the cardiac cycle, while the gap between S2 to S1 indicates the ___ portion
Systole, diastole
The S1 (or Lubb) sound indicates closure of what valves?
Tricuspid, mitral
The S2 (or Dub) sound indicates closure of what valves?
Aortic, pulmonary (semilunar valves)
Which heart sound is higher pitched? S1 or S2?
S2
S2 physiologic splitting is best heard at what valve/area?
Pulmonic
When more venous blood is “sucked” into the right ventricle during inspiration, it takes a little longer to empty, and therefore the pulmonary valve closes a little later than usual (than the aortic). This produces 2 sounds. This is called?
Physiological splitting of S2
A harsh sound produced from turbulent flow in the heart, usually from bad valves is called:
Heart murmur
Recurrent attacks of tachycardia with abrupt onset and often also abrupt termination
Paroxysmal tachycardia
Often the earliest and most common symptom of cardiac dysfunction
Fatigue
Chest pain or pressure, usually due to not enough blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardial ischemia)
Angina pectoris
The pain from angina pectoris (abrupt, significant chest pain/pressure) could radiate to the neck, jaw, and __ arm
Left
A person with a fist clenched over the precordium is showing ___ sign
Levine
Widespread swelling of the skin. Extreme, generalized edema. Major edema
Anasarca
Decreased heart rate and force of contraction causing the person to faint (Vagal faint) is also called:
Vasovagal Syncope
Death of an area of the heart muscle usually as a result of occlusion of one or more coronary arteries.
Myocardial Infarction
Pulmonary Heart Disease relates to ___ sided hypertensive heart disease and is due to an increase in lung resistance to blood flow (COPD, Cystic Fibrosis)
Right
Pathological narrowing of the aortic valve, which obstructs blood from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta.
Aortic stenosis
What heart problem is associated with a “LubPewww” sound?
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis (pathological narrowing of the mitral valve) can develop 5-10 years after ____ fever, OR it could be congenital.
Rhuematic
“Blowing” of mitral valve leaflets into left atrium during systole
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
A holosystolic (pansystolic) murmur heard best at the apex is associated with what?
Mitral insufficiency
A loud S1 followed by a diastolic murmur is associated with what?
Mitral stenosis
A late systolic ejection murmur w/a crescendo-decrescendo shape is associated with what?
Aortic Stenosis
A Hepatojugular reflux suggests ___ heart failure
Right
A “midsystolic click” is associated with what?
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
Inflammation of the pericardium
Pericarditis
Muffled heart sounds and precordial friction rubs can be a sign of?
Pericarditis
Compression of the heart due to critically increased volume of fluid in the pericardium
Acute pericardial Tamponade
An infection of the heart’s inner lining (endocardium), usually involving the heart valves.
Endocarditis
A fever following infection of the throat with group A streptococci. Occurring primarily in children and young adults. Associated w/acute cardiac failure and endocarditis.
Rheumatic Fever
