General Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Primary goal for patient positioning and dress? Secondary?

A

Primary - getting the information necessary to make accurate clinical decisions
Secondary - patient modesty and comfort

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2
Q

List the exam flow and order (5)

A
Inspection
Palpation 
Percussion
Auscultation
Special Test
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3
Q

Skinny or thin

A

Gaunt

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4
Q

Weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness

A

Cachexia (cachectic)

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5
Q

Pale and giving the impression of illness or exhaustion

A

Wan

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6
Q

Sweating heavily

A

Diaphoretic

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7
Q

Reacting with a slight involuntary grimace or shrinking movement of the body

A

Wincing

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8
Q

Red and hot, typically as the result of illness or strong emotion

A

Flushed

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9
Q

Counteracting or avoiding pain, as a posture or gait assumed so as to lessen pain

A

Antalgic

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10
Q

Difficult or labored breathing. Shortness of breath

A

Dyspneic

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11
Q

Fat, obese, overweight, etc.

A

Corpulent

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12
Q

A person is 100 pounds over their ideal body weight, has a BMI of 40 or more, or 35 or more and experiencing obesity-related health conditions (high BP, Diabetes)

A

Morbidly obese

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13
Q

Sleepy, drowsy, groggy, etc.

A

Somnolent

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14
Q

Growth spurt age for males/females? (Average)

A

12-female

14-male

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15
Q

Give BMI ranges

A
<18.5 = underweight
18.5-24.9 = normal
25-29.9 = overweight
>30 = obese
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16
Q

Calculated by dividing your waist size by your height. What is “healthy”?

A

Waist Height Ratio

<50% = healthy

17
Q

If someone has trunk girdle obesity (endogenous) what should be sought?

A

Metabolic or endocrine causes (classic example = Cushing’s syndrome: hyperadrenal cortex secretion)

18
Q

Hyperthyroidism will cause weight loss or gain?

A

Weight loss

19
Q

Dropping eyelids

20
Q

Hair dry, coarse, sparse. Lateral eyebrows thin. Periorbital edema (below eyes). Puffy, dull face w/dry skin

21
Q

Periorbital edema, puffy pale face, lips may be swollen.

A

Nephrotic syndrome

22
Q

Unwanted male-pattern hair growth on a woman’s face, chest and back

23
Q

Red cheeks, hirsutism (male-pattern hair growth), moon face. Truncal obesity w/striae. Buffalo hump. Normal sized extremities

A

Cushing’s syndrome

24
Q

Prominent brow and jaw. Tissues of nose, ears, lips enlarged.

A

Acromegaly

25
Relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment
Iatrogenic
26
Cushing's syndrome is due to excess ____
Cortisol
27
Ammonia smell (from breath)
Fetor hepaticas
28
Sweet smell (from breath)
Ketones - diabetes
29
Pupil asymmetry
Anisocoria
30
Nonconjugate gaze (misaligned eyes)
Strabismus
31
Lazy eye (one eye is normal, one blurred, brain recognizes normal only)
Amblyopia
32
Bell's palsy is related to CN __. It affects how much of the face?
VII (facial), 1/2 face
33
Stroke affects how much of the face?
1/4 (lower)
34
Hearing loss is associated with CN __
VIII
35
Speech irregularities (dysarthria) are associated with what cranial nerves?
IX, X, XII
36
For sexual maturity ratings, ___ charts are used
Tanner's
37
Striking through an object would be known as ___ percussion
Mediate (mediated)
38
Striking directly on the patient would be ____ percussion
Immediate (direct)
39
When percussing, always listen from ___ to ____ to find borders
Resonance to dullness