Eye Flashcards
What cranial nerve innervates the superior/medial/inferior rectus muscles and the inferior oblique?
CN III (Oculomotor)
Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?
CN VI (Abducens)
The superior oblique muscle (of the eye) is innervated by CN __
IV (Trochlear)
Pupillary CONSTRICTION is sympathetic/Parasympathetic from CN __
Parasympathetic, CN III
Pupillary DILATION is sympathetic/parasympathetic? Where does this nerve arise?
Sympathetic, T1 and T2
Unequal pupils
Anisocoria
A collection of symptoms that include eye fatigue, weakness, pain, headache, dim vision, lacrimation. Caused by prolonged periods of intense focusing
Asthenopia
Double vision
Diplopia
Abnormal elevation of the eyelid, white sclera shows above the iris. Hyperthyroidism is classic cause
Stare
A strong dislike of light
Photophobia
Drooping of the eyelid
Ptosis
Misalignment of the eye (Ex: one eye is abducted)
Strabismus (Exotropia)
Similar to strabismus, but is not overtly apparent. May be unmasked by the cover/uncover test
Phoria
An accumulation of normal cellular byproducts and debris. Small yellow or white deposits on the retina around the macula
Drusen bodies
Lipid residue, “Yellow flecks” inside eye. Most common cause is diabetes.
Hard exudate
___ cards test color vision
Ishihara
Nearsightedness (inability to focus on distant objects)
Myopia
Farsightedness (inability to focus on near objects)
Hyperopia
Variations of the corneal curvature in which all portions of the visual field are not in focus at one time
Astigmatism
Difficulty seeing in dim light. Cannot focus on small print. Decreased elasticity of lens due to aging
Presbyopia
Partial loss of vision. A “field cut” or island of loss (blind spot). Might go unnoticed by patient
Scotoma
Constricted pupil
Miosis
Dry skin due to lack of sweating
Anhidrosis
____ syndrome results from sympathetic nerve interruption to the head. Includes ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Horner
Eyelid turns OUT. Tarsal plate everts due to laxity
Ectropion
Eyelid turns IN
Entropion
A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. Usually caused by an abnormally high pressure in the eye
Glaucoma
Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body
Anterior uveitis (Iritis)
Inflammation of the choroid, retina, optic disc. Rare, must refer!
Posterior uveitis (Choroiditis)
The two types of glaucoma? Which is most common?
Open angle (most common), closed angle
____ drains aqueous humor from the eye
Canal of Schlemm
Measuring intraocular pressure. “Little puff of air”
Tonometry
Lazy eye. Starts in childhood in which vision has not developed properly in one eye
Amblyopia
Flashes of bright light
Photopsia
Sudden appearance of “floaters”, photopsia, followed by “curtain of darkness”, loss of red reflex.
Retinal detachment
Damage to the blood vessels in the retina –a complication of uncontrolled diabetes
Diabetic retinopathy
There are two different types of this eye disease, wet and dry. It is age related.
Age related macular degeneration (AMD)
This is the most common form of AMD. It is deterioration of the macula due to genetics, age. (90% of cases)
Dry
Clouding of the lens
Cataracts
Peripheral milk white corneal deposits, often seen in the elderly
Arcus senilis
Golden brown deposits of copper in the cornea
Kayser-Fleischer ring
This condition is marked by a NON reaction to light, but a reaction to accommodation. CNS syphilis is the classic cause
Argyll Robertson Pupil
Night blindness may signify Vitamin _ deficiency
A
Conjunctivitis is commonly called _____
Pink eye
Petechial Hemorrhages (small punctuate hemorrhages seen on the palpebral conjunctiva) is classically caused by bacterial _____
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the sclera with dilated sclera vessels
Episcleritis
Swelling and inflammation along the eyelid and eyelash follicles. Caused by infected or blocked oil glands
Blepharitis
An infection of one of the glands along the eyelashes. Painful, hot, swollen, commonly called a “sty”
Hordeolum
A cyst or fibrotic reaction in a Meibomian gland
Chalazion
