Lung/Pleural Tumors Flashcards
What pulmonary tumors are characterized as common, slow-growing, benign lung neoplasms microscopically characterized by nodules of cartilaginous tissue.
Pulmonary hamartoma
Bronchogenic carcinoma
An adult with unintentional weight loss along with a large lung mass and multiple brain lesions (consistent with metastases) likely has a primary bronchogenic carcinoma.
Pancoast syndrome
Caused by an apical lung tumor (superior sulcus), can lead to ipsilateral Horner syndrome, rib destruction, atrophy of hand muscles, and pain in the distribution of C8, T1, and T2 nerve roots. Horner syndrome is characterized by the triad of miosis (an abnormally small pupil), ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid), and facial anhidrosis (absence of sweating).
Horner Syndrome
Horner syndrome is characterized by the triad of:
miosis (an abnormally small pupil)
ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid)
facial anhidrosis (absence of sweating).
Small cell lung cancer is characterized histologically by?
infiltrating groups of malignant cells with little cytoplasm
The malignant cells stains positively for neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase [NSE], and neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM]) and contain neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm.
The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH), which causes hyponatremia, is commonly associated with small cell carcinoma of the lungs.
Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas show what under light microscopy?
keratin pearls and intercellular bridges on light microscopy
What lung tumor is associated w/ hypercalcemia?
Hypercalcemia caused by the paraneoplastic secretion of PTH-related peptide is commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs.
Histologic sections of a lung mass taken from the left upper lobe of a 63-year-old woman shows well-differentiated, mucus-secreting, columnar epithelial cells that infiltrate along the alveolar walls (lepidic growth). What is the best diagnosis for this tumor?
(A) Adenocarcinoma in situ
Adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung is defined histologically by well-differentiated, mucus-secreting columnar epithelial cells that infiltrate along the alveolar walls (lepidic growth pattern).
An x-ray from a 64-year-old woman who presented with progressive shortness of breath and unintentional weight loss shows numerous cannonball lesions scattered throughout the lungs. What is the best diagnosis for these lesions?
Pulmonary metastases
- Lung adenocarcinomas are associated with activating mutations of the ALK gene.
Biopsy specimen of lung tumor
Hamartoma
Sections from the a lung mass located at the periphery of the upper right lobe of the lung would most likely show what type of neoplasm?
Adenocarcinoma, which is the most common primary lung cancer in the general population, women, and nonsmokers, is typically located in a peripheral location
Brachiocephalic syndrome
Lung tumor tree schematic
Four main types of lung cancer
Lung tumor classification tree schematic
Most common type of lung cancer that develops in smokers
Squamous cell carcinoma
Causes of hypercalcemia
Lung tumor biopsy
Adenocarcinoma
How does adenocarcinoma in situ undergo pneumonic spreading?
Through the pores of Kohn
Can create multifocal cancer
Calretinin-positive polygonal cells w/ numerous long surface microvilli
Mesothelioma
Napsin positive cells in acinar growth pattern with intracytoplasmatic mucin
Adenocarcinoma
Mesothelioma
