HF & Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
Signs of pure right-sided HF
- Congestive hepatomegaly
- JVD
- Peripheral edema
Causes of high-output heart failure
- Hyperthyroidism
- Beriberi
- Paget disease of bone
- AV fistulas
What type of HF can be induced by anthracyclines?
Dilated cardiomyopathy - can precipitate symptomatic HF years after exposure on I
Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by congestion and four-chamber dilation (balloon appearance of heart on chest x-ray) with eccentric hypertrophy (sarcomeres proliferate in series).
hypocontracting (systolic dysfunction), which decreases the ejection fraction (with increased compliance) and increases the end-systolic volume (due to decreased stroke volume).
Anterior movement of the mitral valve during systole along with asymmetric septal hypertrophy is most likely to result from a mutation in the gene that normally codes for?
β-myosin
- Asymmetric interventricular septal hypertrophy is consistent with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Genetic mutations affecting structural proteins of cardiac sarcomeres (beta-myosin heavy chain) is the cause of familial hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, which is one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac death in young adults.
Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy
1) cardiac sarcoidosis (histology shows non-caseating granulomas
2) amyloid deposition (Congo red positive material)
3) iron accumulation (hemochromatosis, which causes a restrictive cardiomyopathy early and a dilated cardiomyopathy late)
4) Pompe disease (which is type II glycogen storage disease).
Cause of takotsubo cardiomyopathy
likely caused by catecholamine-induced myocardial stunning in the setting of physical or emotional stress.
Left-sided HF
DIlated cardiomyopathy
HOCM
Murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border (at the site of the LV outflow obstruction)
Three methods used to increase LV blood volume
Two methods to decrease LV blood volume
Contraindications to the Valsalva maneuver
