Lung pathology

Question 1

asthma description

Answer 1

widespread reversible narrowing of airways that changes in severity over short periods of time

Question 2

asthma sympto

Answer 2

episodic cough, SOB, wheeze

Question 3

histo features of asthma

Answer 3

SM hypertrohy, goblet hyperplasia, eosinophilia, excess mucus, inflam

Question 4

COPD

Answer 4

chrinoc bronchitis + emphysema -> chronic inj to airways

= chronic productive cough most days for > 3mo over > 2y

Question 5

histo features of COPD

Answer 5

neutrophillic infiltration, loss of alveoli, elastic fib, lung perenchyma

Question 6

cause of COPD in young non-smokers

Answer 6

alpha 1 antitrypsin def (will also have liver issues)

Question 7

path of CF

Answer 7

auto rec mut to CFTR gene (Chr 7) -> def ion transport -> excess resorbtion of water from sec -> abn thick musouc sec

Question 8

comp of CF

Answer 8

freq lung inj, panc insuff, malabs

Question 9

histo of CF

Answer 9

mucous clogged airways, inflam cell infiltration

Question 10

Path of bronchiectasis and major RF

Answer 10

patho airway dilation secondary to recurrent inf

CF = major RF

Question 11

histo of bronchiectasis

Answer 11

dilated fibrotic airways w/ mucous plugging

Question 12

comp of bronchiactasis

Answer 12

recurrent inf, haemoptysis, pulmo hyper, amyloidosis

Question 13

causes of pulmo oedema

Answer 13

L heart failure, alv inj, neurogenic, inc altitude

Question 14

acute and chornic presentation of pulmo oedema

Answer 14

acute = heavy, watery lungs, intra alv fluid

chronic = iron laden macrophages (due to HF), fibrosis

Question 15

how will a pt with diffuse alveolar damage present

Answer 15

rapid onset resp F, req vent on ITU

Question 16

what is the inv of choice for diffuse alv damage

Answer 16

CXR -> show white out all lung fields

Question 17

what causes bronchopneumonia, and in who

Answer 17

low virulence org (occurs in immunocomp)

staph, strep, pneumococcus

Question 18

what is lobar pneumonia and how will it present

Answer 18

acute bac inf of a lrg portion of a lobe/entire lobe

widespread fibrinosupportive consolidation

Question 19

what causes lobar pneumonia

Answer 19

high virulence org - s. pneumoniae

Question 20

idiopathic pulmo fibrosis

Answer 20

present in >50y male, chornic SOB + cough

inv = HR, CT + biopsy

Question 21

extrinsic allergic alveolus

Answer 21

chronic + progressive fibrosing lung disease in response or organic allergens (farmers lung)

Question 22

pneumoconiosis

Answer 22

chronic + progressive fibrosis disease in response to dusts in the workplace (industrial lung disease)

Question 23

what are the RFs for pulmonary thromboembolism

Answer 23

obesity, preg, malig, thrombotic FHx, older, surgery

Question 24

what is small cell LC asso with and where is it found

Answer 24

v asso with smoking

found centrally near bronchi

Question 25

what mutations are asso with SCLC

Answer 25

p53 and RB1

Question 26

what is the prognosis of SCLC

Answer 26

poor - mets to brain, ribs and spinal cord

Question 27

what syndrome is SCLC asso with

Answer 27

paraneoplastic syndrome

SIADH, lambert-eaton, cushings

Question 28

what can be seen on a blood fild of SCLC

Answer 28

small, poorly differentiated ‘oat cells’

Question 29

what mut is asso with adenocarcinoma

Answer 29

KRAS, EGFR

Question 30

what lung cancer is most common in non smokers and women

Answer 30

adenocarcinoma

Question 31

what lung cancer has the stronges asso with smoking

Answer 31

sq cell lung cancer

Question 32

what is sq cell LC asso with

Answer 32

hypercalcaemia of malig (PTHrP sec

Question 33

what lung cancer has no evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation

Answer 33

large cell carcinoma