Lung pathology Flashcards
asthma description
widespread reversible narrowing of airways that changes in severity over short periods of time
asthma sympto
episodic cough, SOB, wheeze
histo features of asthma
SM hypertrohy, goblet hyperplasia, eosinophilia, excess mucus, inflam
COPD
chrinoc bronchitis + emphysema -> chronic inj to airways
= chronic productive cough most days for > 3mo over > 2y
histo features of COPD
neutrophillic infiltration, loss of alveoli, elastic fib, lung perenchyma
cause of COPD in young non-smokers
alpha 1 antitrypsin def (will also have liver issues)
path of CF
auto rec mut to CFTR gene (Chr 7) -> def ion transport -> excess resorbtion of water from sec -> abn thick musouc sec
comp of CF
freq lung inj, panc insuff, malabs
histo of CF
mucous clogged airways, inflam cell infiltration
Path of bronchiectasis and major RF
patho airway dilation secondary to recurrent inf
CF = major RF
histo of bronchiectasis
dilated fibrotic airways w/ mucous plugging
comp of bronchiactasis
recurrent inf, haemoptysis, pulmo hyper, amyloidosis
causes of pulmo oedema
L heart failure, alv inj, neurogenic, inc altitude
acute and chornic presentation of pulmo oedema
acute = heavy, watery lungs, intra alv fluid
chronic = iron laden macrophages (due to HF), fibrosis
how will a pt with diffuse alveolar damage present
rapid onset resp F, req vent on ITU
what is the inv of choice for diffuse alv damage
CXR -> show white out all lung fields
what causes bronchopneumonia, and in who
low virulence org (occurs in immunocomp)
staph, strep, pneumococcus
what is lobar pneumonia and how will it present
acute bac inf of a lrg portion of a lobe/entire lobe
widespread fibrinosupportive consolidation
what causes lobar pneumonia
high virulence org - s. pneumoniae
idiopathic pulmo fibrosis
present in >50y male, chornic SOB + cough
inv = HR, CT + biopsy
extrinsic allergic alveolus
chronic + progressive fibrosing lung disease in response or organic allergens (farmers lung)
pneumoconiosis
chronic + progressive fibrosis disease in response to dusts in the workplace (industrial lung disease)
what are the RFs for pulmonary thromboembolism
obesity, preg, malig, thrombotic FHx, older, surgery
what is small cell LC asso with and where is it found
v asso with smoking
found centrally near bronchi
what mutations are asso with SCLC
p53 and RB1
what is the prognosis of SCLC
poor - mets to brain, ribs and spinal cord
what syndrome is SCLC asso with
paraneoplastic syndrome
SIADH, lambert-eaton, cushings
what can be seen on a blood fild of SCLC
small, poorly differentiated ‘oat cells’
what mut is asso with adenocarcinoma
KRAS, EGFR
what lung cancer is most common in non smokers and women
adenocarcinoma
what lung cancer has the stronges asso with smoking
sq cell lung cancer
what is sq cell LC asso with
hypercalcaemia of malig (PTHrP sec
what lung cancer has no evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation
large cell carcinoma
