Lung pathology Flashcards

1
Q

asthma description

A

widespread reversible narrowing of airways that changes in severity over short periods of time

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2
Q

asthma sympto

A

episodic cough, SOB, wheeze

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3
Q

histo features of asthma

A

SM hypertrohy, goblet hyperplasia, eosinophilia, excess mucus, inflam

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4
Q

COPD

A

chrinoc bronchitis + emphysema -> chronic inj to airways

= chronic productive cough most days for > 3mo over > 2y

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5
Q

histo features of COPD

A

neutrophillic infiltration, loss of alveoli, elastic fib, lung perenchyma

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6
Q

cause of COPD in young non-smokers

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin def (will also have liver issues)

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7
Q

path of CF

A

auto rec mut to CFTR gene (Chr 7) -> def ion transport -> excess resorbtion of water from sec -> abn thick musouc sec

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8
Q

comp of CF

A

freq lung inj, panc insuff, malabs

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9
Q

histo of CF

A

mucous clogged airways, inflam cell infiltration

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10
Q

Path of bronchiectasis and major RF

A

patho airway dilation secondary to recurrent inf

CF = major RF

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11
Q

histo of bronchiectasis

A

dilated fibrotic airways w/ mucous plugging

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12
Q

comp of bronchiactasis

A

recurrent inf, haemoptysis, pulmo hyper, amyloidosis

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13
Q

causes of pulmo oedema

A

L heart failure, alv inj, neurogenic, inc altitude

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14
Q

acute and chornic presentation of pulmo oedema

A

acute = heavy, watery lungs, intra alv fluid

chronic = iron laden macrophages (due to HF), fibrosis

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15
Q

how will a pt with diffuse alveolar damage present

A

rapid onset resp F, req vent on ITU

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16
Q

what is the inv of choice for diffuse alv damage

A

CXR -> show white out all lung fields

17
Q

what causes bronchopneumonia, and in who

A

low virulence org (occurs in immunocomp)

staph, strep, pneumococcus

18
Q

what is lobar pneumonia and how will it present

A

acute bac inf of a lrg portion of a lobe/entire lobe

widespread fibrinosupportive consolidation

19
Q

what causes lobar pneumonia

A

high virulence org - s. pneumoniae

20
Q

idiopathic pulmo fibrosis

A

present in >50y male, chornic SOB + cough

inv = HR, CT + biopsy

21
Q

extrinsic allergic alveolus

A

chronic + progressive fibrosing lung disease in response or organic allergens (farmers lung)

22
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

chronic + progressive fibrosis disease in response to dusts in the workplace (industrial lung disease)

23
Q

what are the RFs for pulmonary thromboembolism

A

obesity, preg, malig, thrombotic FHx, older, surgery

24
Q

what is small cell LC asso with and where is it found

A

v asso with smoking

found centrally near bronchi

25
what mutations are asso with SCLC
p53 and RB1
26
what is the prognosis of SCLC
poor - mets to brain, ribs and spinal cord
27
what syndrome is SCLC asso with
paraneoplastic syndrome | SIADH, lambert-eaton, cushings
28
what can be seen on a blood fild of SCLC
small, poorly differentiated 'oat cells'
29
what mut is asso with adenocarcinoma
KRAS, EGFR
30
what lung cancer is most common in non smokers and women
adenocarcinoma
31
what lung cancer has the stronges asso with smoking
sq cell lung cancer
32
what is sq cell LC asso with
hypercalcaemia of malig (PTHrP sec
33
what lung cancer has no evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation
large cell carcinoma