Haemolytic Anaemia Flashcards
Signs/Sympto haemolytic anaemia
all - jaundice with uncojugated billirubinaemia, normocytic anaemia, inc LDH, reticulocytosis, pigmented gallstones
intravasc (RBC rupture) - inc free plasma hb, inc serum LDH, dark red urine (dipstick +ve blood)
Extravasc (splenic consuption) - splenomeg, urobilinogen in urine (dipstick -ve blood) spherocytes on blood smear
Causes of inherited HA
memb defect - hrtiditary sphero/eliptocytosis
enz defect - G6PD/pyruvate kinase def
Haemoglobinopathies - SCD. thallassaemia
difference between heriditary sphero and eliptocytosis
S = vertical interaction E = horizontal interaction
causes acquired HA
immune - auto/allo
mechanical - metal valves/trauma
MAHA
First symtpto G6PDD
neonatal jaundice, but otherwise asymptomatic
What is show on slide in G6PDD
bite cells, nucelated RBCs, heinz bodies
What is show on slide in pyruvate kinase def
echinocytes (hedgehog) and spherocytes
dangers of G6PDD
acute haemolysis triggered by: oxidants, drugs, inf
Inv for metabolic RBC disorders
DAT - direct antigen test - AI haemolysis
osmotic fragility - H sperocytosis
G6P + PK activity
Ham’s test - paroxysmal noctural haemoglobinuria
managment of metabolic RBC disorders
Folic acid supp
avoid precipitating factors
transfusion
splenectomy
Findings in WAIHA
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia \+ve DAT pos combs test spherocytes >37 degrees
Tx for AIHA
steroids + immunosupp, rituximab
Findings in cold agglutin disease
<37 degrees
+ve combs and DAT
often with raynauds
Most common cause of HUS
E coli 0157:H7
look for sympto after diarrhoeal disease
who does HUS effect
children and elderly