Haemolytic Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

Signs/Sympto haemolytic anaemia

A

all - jaundice with uncojugated billirubinaemia, normocytic anaemia, inc LDH, reticulocytosis, pigmented gallstones
intravasc (RBC rupture) - inc free plasma hb, inc serum LDH, dark red urine (dipstick +ve blood)
Extravasc (splenic consuption) - splenomeg, urobilinogen in urine (dipstick -ve blood) spherocytes on blood smear

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2
Q

Causes of inherited HA

A

memb defect - hrtiditary sphero/eliptocytosis
enz defect - G6PD/pyruvate kinase def
Haemoglobinopathies - SCD. thallassaemia

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3
Q

difference between heriditary sphero and eliptocytosis

A
S = vertical interaction
E = horizontal interaction
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4
Q

causes acquired HA

A

immune - auto/allo
mechanical - metal valves/trauma
MAHA

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5
Q

First symtpto G6PDD

A

neonatal jaundice, but otherwise asymptomatic

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6
Q

What is show on slide in G6PDD

A

bite cells, nucelated RBCs, heinz bodies

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7
Q

What is show on slide in pyruvate kinase def

A

echinocytes (hedgehog) and spherocytes

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8
Q

dangers of G6PDD

A

acute haemolysis triggered by: oxidants, drugs, inf

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9
Q

Inv for metabolic RBC disorders

A

DAT - direct antigen test - AI haemolysis
osmotic fragility - H sperocytosis
G6P + PK activity
Ham’s test - paroxysmal noctural haemoglobinuria

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10
Q

managment of metabolic RBC disorders

A

Folic acid supp
avoid precipitating factors
transfusion
splenectomy

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11
Q

Findings in WAIHA

A
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia 
\+ve DAT 
pos combs test
spherocytes
>37 degrees
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12
Q

Tx for AIHA

A

steroids + immunosupp, rituximab

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13
Q

Findings in cold agglutin disease

A

<37 degrees
+ve combs and DAT
often with raynauds

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14
Q

Most common cause of HUS

A

E coli 0157:H7

look for sympto after diarrhoeal disease

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15
Q

who does HUS effect

A

children and elderly

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16
Q

What cause of HA would you suspect if gallstones at a young age

A

Memb defects

17
Q

What is show in periph blood in memb defect HA

A

reticulocytes

18
Q

what antibodies mediate warm vs cold AIHA

A
warm = IgG
cold = IgM
19
Q

warm vs cold AIHA - intra vs extravasc

A
Warm = extra
cold = intra
20
Q

asso of warm AIHA

A

CLL, SLA, methyldopa

21
Q

asso of cold AIHA

A

mycoplasma, EBV, HepC

22
Q

pathology of MAHA

A

microangiopatic haemolytic anaemia

damage to endo cells -> plt aggregation -> RBC fragmentation

23
Q

periph blood in MAHA

A

schistocytes, thrombocytopaenia

24
Q

what is HUS

A

Haemolytic uraemic syndro

MAHA + throbocytopaenia + acute renal F

25
Q

What is TTP

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

MAHA + thrombocytopaenia + acute renal F + fever + neruological sympto

26
Q

path of TTP

A

prot def -> cant break down VWF

27
Q

what drugs especially cause oxidative stress and who shoudk avoid them

A

anti-malarial + anti-fungal

avoid in G6PDD (-> haemolysis)