Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 Conditions > Lung cancer > Flashcards

Lung cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Lung cancer

What type of lung cancers are 95% of lung cancers?

A

SCLC or NSCLC

This distinction is important for staging, treatment and prognosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lung cancer

What types of cancers are included in NSCLC?

A

adenocarcinoma
SCC
large cell carcinoma
Bronchial carcinoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lung cancer

The vast majority of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at a late stage of disease progression.

The clinical manifestations of lung cancer can be due to…
1. -
2. -
3. -

A
  1. intrathoracic effects of the tumour
  2. extrathoracic metastases
  3. paraneoplastic phenomena
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lung cancer

Intrathoracic effects of lung cancer include…

A
  • Cough
  • Haemoptysis
  • Chest pain
  • Dyspnoea
  • Hoarseness
  • Pleural disease
  • Pancoast syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lung cancer

Why do some pt develop a hoarse voice as an intrathoracic effect of lung cancer?

A

due to malignancy involving the recurrent laryngeal nerve along its course under the arch of the aorta and back to the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lung cancer

What is the most common form of pleural involvement in lung cancer?

A

malignant pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lung cancer

What is pancoast syndrome?

A

Lung cancer arising in the superior sulcus causing:
- pain (usually in the shoulder)
- Horner syndrome
- bony destruction
- atrophy of hand muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lung cancer

What organs does lung cancer most often metastasise to?

A
  • liver
  • bone
  • brain
  • adrenal glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lung cancer

What is a paraneoplastic phenomena?

A

remote effects of the tumour that are not related to direct invasion, obstruction or metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lung cancer

Name 4 associated paraneoplastic phenomena.

A
  • hyperCa2+
  • Cushings syndrome
  • SIADH secretion
  • neurologic syndromes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lung cancer

Why might a pt get a paraneoplastic phenomena of hypercalcaemia?

A

Can be due to both bone metastasis or to the tumour secreting parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lung caner

Why might a pt get a paraneoplastic phenomena of Cushings syndrome?

A

Due to ectopic production of ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lung cancer

Which type of lung cancer are associated with paraneoplastic phenomena of SIADH secretion?

A

Frequently caused by SCLC and results in hyponatraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lung cancer

What are some examples of paraneoplastic phenomenas of neurologic syndromes?

A
  • Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
  • cerebellar ataxia
  • autonomic neuropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lung cancer

Smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer.

What are some other risk factors?

A
  • Radiation therapy
  • Environmental toxins e.g. asbestos, radon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Alcohol
  • HIV
  • Family history of lung cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lung cancer

What investigations should be carried out alongside imaging?

A
  • Full blood count
  • Urea and Electrolytes
  • Calcium
  • Alkaline phosphatase
  • ALT, AST and bilirubin
  • Creatinine
17
Q

Lung cancer

What radiological investigations should be carried out?

A
  • CT scanning of the chest, lower neck and upper abdomen with IV contrast is preferred in lung cancer

This is to evaluate the extent of the primary tumour and potential spread to the mediastinum, liver, and adrenal glands

18
Q

Lung cancer

How is NSCLC staged?

A

TNM

19
Q

Lung cancer

How is SCLC staged?

A
  • Limited stage: disease confined to ipsilateral hemithorax, which can be safely encompassed within a tolerable radiation field
  • Extensive stage: all other diseases, including metastatic disease and malignant effusions
20
Q

Lung cancer

How do we manage NSCLC? (prescribing)

A

pts stage 3/4
aim: reverse, delay or prevent symptoms

treatment according to histological subtype, molecular genotype and PD-L1 status

agents used: chemotherapy agents, TKI

chemo: cisplatin, gemcitabine

tyrosine kinase inhibitors used particularly where sensitising EGFR mutations are detected

21
Q

Lung cancer

How do we manage SCLC for limited and extensive stage? (prescribing)

A

limited
- concurrent chemo and radiotherapy

extensive
- chemo (4-6 cycles)

limited:
An example of a typical chemotherapy regime is cisplatin and etoposide.

extensive:
Commonly used regimens include cisplatin and etoposide, carboplatin and etoposide, and cisplatin and irinotecan.

22
Q

Lung cancer

How do we manage NSCLC? (non-prescribing)

A

surgery with curative intent in stage 1-2

lobectomy prefered over wedge resection

access to chest: video-assistaed thoracic surgery (VATS)

Surgery should only be used adequate lung function (FEV1 > 60%).

23
Q

Lung cancer

How do we manage SCLC? (non-prescribing)

A

surgery rarely performed

24
Q

Lung cancer

What is the most common type of cancer in smokers?

A

SCC

25
Q

Lung cancer

Where are SCC typically located in the lung?

A

more centrally

26
Q

Lung cancer

What is the ‘Golden S’ sign on imaging?

A

If the mass obstructs the bronchiole to the upper lobe, this can cause collapse.
The opacities on radiographic imaging from the collapse and the tumour itself combine to form the typical ‘Golden S Sign’.

27
Q

Lung cancer

What types of tumour is a SCLC?

A

neuroendocrine tumour

28
Q

Lung cancer

What type of cancer can cause Carcinoid syndrome?

A

NETs

29
Q

Lung cancer

What causes carcinoid syndrome and what are the features?

A

Increased serotonin levels due to bronchial carcinoma only
* Diarrhoea
* Flushing
* Wheezing
* Palpitations
* Telangiectasia
* Abdominal pain

Y3 Conditions (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions