Allergies Flashcards

1
Q

Allergies

What is an allergy (immunologically)?

A
  • an overreaction of the immune system to ordinarily harmless substances (allergens)
  • leads to the production of IgE antibodies specific to the allergen
  • upon re-exposure, these antibodies prompt a cascade of immunological events, culminating in the release of inflammatory mediators (ie histamine)
  • resulting effects manifest as the symptoms we associate with an allergic reaction
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2
Q

Allergies

Name some benign -> severe symptoms.

A

benign
- sneezing
- itchy eyes
- skin rash

severe
- gi disturbance
- breathing difficulties
- cardiovascular collapse

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3
Q

Allergies

What investigations do we do?

A

clinical history is most important
- Skin prick testing and blood tests for specific IgE antibodies
- referal to specialist allergy services (oral food challenges)

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4
Q

Allergies

Management

A

patient education
- allergen avoidance
- medication use (adrenaline)
- how to seek help

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5
Q

Allergies

Name top 10 food allergies in UK

A
  • cow’s milk/dairy
  • eggs
  • fish
  • food additives
  • peanuts
  • sesame
  • shellfish
  • soy
  • tree nuts
  • wheat
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