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Freshman Exams :,,) > LSI Midterm > Flashcards

LSI Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are Burke’s Five Clauses

A

Symbol using animal, inventor of the negative, separate from natural conditions by instruments of own making, guided by hierarchy, rotten with perfection

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2
Q

Are there negative’s in nature?

A

No. Nothing is inherently bad.

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3
Q

Burke’s First Theory

A

Reality has been built by symbol systems, humans are misusing symbols which are justifications for bad things. Communication builds reality.

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4
Q

Burke’s Second Theory

A

Humans are the inventors of the negative, creates contrast or antitheses, positive and negative values (us vs. them)

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5
Q

Burke’s Third Theory

A

humans are separated by tools of their own making, language is a tool

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6
Q

Burke’s Fourth Theory

A

Humans are goaded by hierarchy, motivated by higher ranking

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7
Q

Burke’s Fifth Theory

A

Humans are rotten with perfection, peruse things to the ultimate end

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8
Q

Burke’s Relevancy

A

Burke is relevant because language and communication is consequential

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9
Q

Why are talk and identity reciprocal

A

Talk shapes our identity, identity shapes how we talk

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10
Q

Tacit vs. Explicit knowledge

A

Turn tacit knowledge implicit to better understand why we do things and how we do them, become conscious of why we do them. The way we do things are just one of many possibilities

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11
Q

Cooperative Principle

A

Goal of communication is information exchange

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12
Q

Four Maxims

A

Quality: what we believe is true
Quantity: just the right amount
Relevance: relevant to the conversation
Manner: being clear, explicit, having good manner

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13
Q

Units of Talk

A

Utterance: bounded by a beginning and an end
Discourse: a bunch of utterances

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14
Q

Content vs. Situational

A

Content is literal
Situational meaning is something interpreted in the context

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15
Q

Meaning given vs. given off

A

Given meaning is the intended meaning
The meaning given off is the meaning that is unintended (like sweating or shakiness)

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16
Q

Category vs. social construction

A

Category is fixed construction of stable features of identity
Social construction is more fluid and varies through time

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17
Q

Identities

A

Master: characteristics that don’t change (age, ethnicity, gender)
Interactional: roles people take (student or employee)
Personal: personality and character traits (kind, confident)

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18
Q

How do men construct masculinity on Craig’s list?

A

Masculine language, affirmation of heterosexual and no homosexual interest, job statues to communicate power, harsh language

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19
Q

How do Black MSM differ?

A

Physical descriptions of skin color, Ebonics

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20
Q

What is a line?

A

A pattern of verbal or nonverbal acts that expresses a view of a situation and its participants

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21
Q

What is face?

A

How we project ourselves in social interaction

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22
Q

What are Face Threatening Acts?

A

When face is threatened or challenged by the actions of ourselves or others

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23
Q

Types of FTA’s

A

Wrongfaced: discrediting information comes out (vegan eating a burger)
Out of Face: a line that is not suitable for the occasion
Shamefaced: when acts exceed socially acceptable norms

24
Q

Face Saving Practices

A

Acts that attempt to preserve your face or another’s face

25
Expressive order
Regulates the flow of events, flow of traffic, series of lines, written and unwritten rules of how we interact Morally infused: implicit, we know what is good and bad behavior
26
Key Assumptions of Facework
Preserve our face and protect others, humans are normally empathetic people, restore the face of others
27
Avoidance processes
Avoidance: avoid contact to prevent threats
28
Corrective Process
Ritual/remedial interchange, damage control Challenge: face threatening act is revealed Offering: reparative acts Acceptance: forgiveness Order/schism: order is restored
29
Corrective Process Order
It doesn’t always have to go in order, challenge can be skipped, offering can go multiple rounds
30
Positive vs, Negative face
Positive: when people seek approval, present as desireable Negative: value independence and freedom
31
Weight of FTA’s
Some people have power and superiority, relies on intimacy/distance, ranking of impositions depending on context
32
Key Ingredients to a Chinese Dinner
Food: shows generosity, can ruin the interruption of flow Chang Mien: the occasion, the setting (boisterous) Keh Chee: guest spirit, behavior of guest and host (offering and declining circle, can’t be too catchy or gluttonous)
33
Ritual
Sequence of highly symbolic acts to which pays homage to the occasion (going to the gym, skincare)
34
Sincerity
Western: values individuality, what we want, saying what you mean, true to yourself Eastern: collectivism, convey wills of group, preserving social harmony
35
Line of Sharp talk users
Protective line
36
Mitigating devices
Soften the force of communication Terms of endearment Hedge phrases: maybe, kind of Tag questions: advice presented as question (respects negative face) Solidarity: using first person pronouns (we, us)
37
Why does Language matter in SharpTalk
SharpTalk users are vulnerable individuals, you can’t take words back
38
Rhetorical Perspective
Strategic use of language, speakers have agency, people are strategic decision makers
39
Limits of rhetorical perspective
Focuses too much on individual, some people have different power and agency (child vs. adult), limits cultural perspective
40
Cultural perspective
Speech communities/speech codes shape how we talk Interpersonal ideologies: beliefs and how we relate to each other
41
Altercasting
Identity we assign to others by how we speak
42
Personal addresses
Proper names: first middle last Kinship terms: mostly biological (mom, auntie) Title: occupational/relationship tied, signify degree of closeness (depends on context) Nicknames/endearments: honey, sugar 2nd Person Pronouns: you
43
Names
Evoke personal identities, convey interpersonal identities
44
Changing last name
Female change: adhere to tradition Male change: modernity Hyphenated: unity Keep last name: independence
45
Race
Race is a social construction created by people for function
46
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Language conveys how we see the world
47
language reform
Change language to be more inclusive (fireperson, policeperson)
48
Membership categorization device
Collections of categories/labels for referring to people Some categories can become linked (black and violent, boys can’t cry)
49
Problem with actions speak louder than words
Speech is an act
50
5 categories of speech acts
Expressive: expressive what you’re thinking/feeling Directive: trying to get someone to do something Commissive: promise to do something in the future (threat, promise) Representative: object of reporting the world Declarative: actions that transform someone into something else (wedding, graduation)
51
4 Principles of Speech Acts
Preexisting identities shape speech acts Doing speech acts builds and shapes identity Speech acts are distinctive to speech communities Form and function need to be distinguished
52
Face Threatening Speech Acts
Advising: might want support rather than advice, can be critical or helpful Reproaching: raise questions of goodness or reasonableness of another’s actions Accounts/Accounting: giving reasons behind why people make choices Disclaiming: deflecting others from assigning negative or inappropriate person identities to self Complimenting: expressive interest through a query, making an offer Gossiping
53
Lies vs. Bullshit
Lies are made in opposition of the truth Bullshit is unconcerned with the truth
54
Content of bullshit
* Bull: trivial, insincere, or untruthful talk or writing * Hot air: what comes out of the speakers mouth is empty words without substance or content
55
Consequences of Bullshit
Less severe than lying
56
Occasion in which Bullshit arises
When a person doesn’t know the answer and is trapped

Freshman Exams :,,) (9 decks)

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