LP: Ireland, Scotland and the Buildup to War Flashcards
How did royalist support manifest in Scotland?
Moderates, Earl of Montrose, felt the Covenanter alliance had gone too far
Aug 1640 he and 17 other nobles signed Cumbernauld Band - stated desire to defend the King, divided Scotland
Why did Charles travel to Scotland in 1641 Aug?
To play on the divisions appearing in Scotland he accepted an end to episcopacy and left to organise a settlement
Commons distrusted him and sent a Committee of Dense, which allocated commissioners e.g. Hampden, to observe him
What was the ‘Incident’ and its consequences for Charles?
During Charles’ stay, in Oct 1641, a royalist plot to kidnap radical Covenanters like Archibald Campbell was revealed
Charles was implicated and lost him support in Scotland
What did news of the Irish Rebellion do to raise tensions in England?
Give 3 points
General fear of Catholicism and imminent invasion heightened by the distorted accounts
Protestant MPs were radicalised by the Ulster Massacre to avenge the slaughtered, alienating moderates
Fears of a 2nd Army Plot - Catholic Irish army might be used by Charles to fight the Scots and England, Wentworth
How were fears of Charles using the army reflected in plmt?
Give 3 examples
GR of Nov 1641 aimed at showing why Charles could not be trusted with a military force - ‘probably lost Pym…half of [his] former allies in plmt’ (Brenner)
Debate lasted 12 hours and only passed by 11 votes
Supported by the ‘Additional Instruction’ that month which stated if an army were to be raised in Ireland, plmt would approve the officers nominated by Charles
Pym won by 151-110
Militia Bill of dec 1641 directly questioned king royal rights and attempted to transfer power over the military to plmt
What was the difference between Constitutional Royalist and the plmt radicals?
Believed in monarchy, rule of law, religion and liberty - depended on which the valued more
Charles won over constitutional royalists by placing himself as the defender of fundamental law in Britain
Who did Charles attempt to impeach?
3rd Jan 1642
Main critics - Pym, Hampden, Haselrig, Holles, Strode and Edward Montagu
Why were Charles’ impeachment attempts caused?
Arguably a loss of support in the Lords - they passed the bill removing the Lords Spiritual in Dec 1641, which prompted retaliation
Due to the failure to impeach, what did Charles resort to?
Entered plmt with a force to arrest them, but his opponents had fled
Mass outrage was caused - for fear of their safety, Charles moved his family to Hampton Court
How did distance strain the relationship between the monarch and plmt?
Made negotiation harder - and his absence to defend his absolutist action strengthened the position of radicals
How was the London mob useful in pressuring the Lords other than the RB petition?
30,000 signed a petition in Dec 1641 - forced the Lords to accept Bishop Exclusion Bill in Feb 1642
How did plmt pass legislation in Charles’ absence?
Militia Bill issued as an ordinance in Feb 1642 and passed in March without consent from king - gave plmt control of the armed forces
How did Charles respond to the attempts to attack his military prerogative?
Give 2 actions
Apr 1642 - he tried to raid the military supplies at Hull, failed
June 1642 released Commissions of Array - invoked prerogative means of raising an army from early 1500s
How did plmt/religious divisions grow deeper over the battle for military control?
Radicals began to secure ammunition while gentry on both sides advocated peace
Religious tendencies were clear too: ‘it was principally those who believed in the necessity of a 2nd Reformation that were determined to fight’ (Morrill)
Stone estimates 72% of all Puritans became plmt
What was plmt’s final settlement offer before the outbreak of CW?
June 1642 19 Propositions
Extremely radical - all PC member approved by plmt, directed a Reformation of the CofE - completely usurped Charles’ religious authority
