Interregnum 1649-1659

Question 1

What lead to the creation of the Rump Parliament?

Answer 1

Prides Purge in December 1648

Question 2

What did the rump abolish in February 1649?

Answer 2

The House of Lords and the monarchy.

Question 3

Why was the abolition of the monarchy and House of Lords significant?

Answer 3

For the first time parliament was solely responsible for governing the nation

Question 4

What act was passed in January 1650 and what did it do?

Answer 4

The engagement act, all males had to declare an oath of loyalty to the commonwealth

Question 5

What became illegal in July 1650?

Answer 5

To deny the authority of the regime

Question 6

Why,how and when did Oliver Cromwell dissolve parliament?

Answer 6

✏️It was too conservative
✏️With musketeers
✏️April 1553

Question 7

What evidence is shown of the conservation, during the regicide?

Answer 7

In the oath approving the regicide only 22 out of 44 refused to sign

Question 8

Once the rump had been purged what notice was pinned to the doors?

Answer 8

“This house is to be let now unfurnished”

Question 9

What is Lockyers view on the rump?

Answer 9

The traditional view that the rump was a self seeking,corrupt and conservative group that just wanted to hold on to power.

Question 10

How does Barry Coward defend the rump?

Answer 10

He believes that the rump had too much to deal with, many internal and external distractions, which haltered change. Given more time change would have been made.

Question 11

What are the names for the parliaments created on the 4th July 1653?

Answer 11

✏️The nominated assembly
✏️The parliament of saints
✏️The bare bones parliament

Question 12

Who influenced the nominated assembly and what religion was he?

Answer 12

Thomas Harrison and he was a fifth monarchist

Question 13

Why was the nominated assembly significant?

Answer 13

✏️It was the last attempt of the English commonwealth to find a stable political form before installing Cromwell as lord protector
✏️it was a In elected parliament
✏️it was made up of 139 MP’s who Cromwell dubbed trustworthy and godly.

Question 14

Why was the nominated assembly, seen as more successful than the Rump.

Answer 14

It addressed the reforms that the rumps had avoided:
✏️poor relief
✏️religion
✏️ corruption

Question 15

How was the nominated assembly seen as a failure and what events support this?

Answer 15

Rifts opens up between radicals and moderates and by 1653, moderates began boycotting the assembly.
Also the dissatisfaction of army leadership.

Question 16

What wat did Cromwell enter between 1652-1654?

Answer 16

The first Anglo Dutch war.

Question 17

Why was this a great tension between the Rump and the NMA?

Answer 17

The army saw the Dutch as a natural ally as they were Protestant and during the laudian reforms was a place of asylum for religious radicals.

Question 18

Why had the Dutch lost their economic advantages in terms of the English?

Answer 18

The navigation act of 1651 which banned all vessels that weren’t English to import fish to England and its colonised lands.

Question 19

What was the first English written constitution and when was it introduced?

Answer 19

The instrument of government in autumn of 1553

Question 20

Who wrote the instrument of government?

Answer 20

John lambert

Question 21

What did this constitution declare about cromwells lord protectorship?

Answer 21

✏️ that it was for life
✏️it was not hereditary
✏️he had to call parliament every three years this had to consist of 400mps 30 from Ireland and Scotland and consist for at least five months

Question 22

When was the first protectorate parliament?

Answer 22

September 1654-January 1655

Question 23

Which MPs questioned the legitimacy of Cromwell’s rule and the constitution?

Answer 23

Haselrig and Bradshaw

Question 24

To appease these claims Cromwell allowed parliament to make changes to the constitution except for the the four fundamentals what where these?

Answer 24

✏️parliament should run by a single person and parliament
✏️parliament should not make themselves perpetual
✏️the must be toleration for Protestant sects
✏️control of the army must be shared between the lord protector and parliament

Question 25

How many MPs refused to sign the oath of recognition and how where they punished?

Answer 25

80Mps and they where excluded form parliament

Question 26

What was introduced in December 1654 and what did it do?

Answer 26

The government bill and this mad changes to the constitution and example would be that Cromwell could choose his successor.

Question 27

What was the general feeling about the first protectorate parliament?

Answer 27

It was very hostile

Question 28

When was the western design?

Answer 28

1654

Question 29

What was the significance of the western design?

Answer 29

Cromwell believed that god was punishing him as it was a failure. He believes that god had withdrawn his support. He was a very heavy believer in providence.

Question 30

When and what was was the rule of the major generals?

Answer 30

✏️ august 1655

✏️it was a 15 month period of direct military government.

Question 31

Why was the rule of the major general introduced?

Answer 31

This was introduced, partly as Cromwell’s reaction to the failure of the western design, Charles Stuart’s threat and the failure of his first parliament.

Question 32

What was the main focus of the major generals?

Answer 32

Was the security of the regime but some thought that they enforced godliness through the closure of brothels, alehouses and gambling.

Question 33

What four thing contributed to the rule of the major generals?

Answer 33

✏️religious reformation- the major generals could be used to i force this.
✏️failure of the western design.
✏️finance- the militia would be funded by then new income tax the decimation tax.
✏️royalists- the threats and uprising e.g. Penruddocks rising in march 1655

Question 34

What was the decimation tax?

Answer 34

A new 10% income tax levied on royalists.

Question 35

How many regions where there and who where they answerable to?

Answer 35

The country was divided into 1- regions each one governed. Y a major general, who was answerable to the lord protector and the Lord protector alone.

Question 36

Why did the new model army oppose Cromwell taking the tittle of 👑?

Answer 36

They opposed as the chief political power. They objected for religious reasons. It was a political threat but also big c, saw TNMA as saints and going against them would be going against the judgement of god.

Question 37

What event is this 🐴🛀🏻✝️⛪️😡😤 and when was it?

Answer 37

James Naylor case in 1656.

Question 38

Why was the James naylor case so significant?

Answer 38

the punishment of naylor showed a) anti toleration, this is not what big c had promised and b) it showed the hatred parliament had from radical religious sects like Quakers and baptists.

Question 39

When was the second protectorate parliament?

Answer 39

1656 September

Question 40

Why was 100 mps excluded at the beginning of this parliament!

Answer 40

As Cromwell believed them to be in trustworthy

Question 41

Why did the had the parliament initially decided to compromise?

Answer 41

As many radicals had been expelled.

Question 42

What was the second constitution called?

Answer 42

The humble petition and advice

Question 43

How was the humble petition different from the instrument of government?

Answer 43

This came from an elected parliament and therefore aimed to legitimise the constitution.

Question 44

When was the humble petition drawn up?

Answer 44

1657

Question 45

Why did Cromwell decline the tittle of king?

Answer 45

✏️army opposed it and would have him removed

✏️he saw the army gods chosen and therefore going against him would be going against gods judgement.

Question 46

Why did he accept the humble petition and when?

Answer 46

Once kinship had been removed and in May 1667 accepted this constitution.

Question 47

At the end of his reign what was Oliver Cromwell described as?

Answer 47

A broken man

Question 48

When did his favourite daughter die?

Answer 48

Elizabeth dies in august 1658

Question 49

When does Cromwell die?

Answer 49

September 1658

Question 50

Who follows Cromwell Richard or lambert?

Answer 50

Richard Cromwell

Question 51

How does starkey describe the transition of power?

Answer 51

The power transitions smoothly to Richard

Question 52

When was the third protectorate parliament?

Answer 52

27th January to 22nd April 1659

Question 53

Why where the finances so dire for Richard?

Answer 53

As he has inherited £2,500,000 of debt from his father.

Question 54

Why did Richard call the third protectorate parliament

Answer 54

To raise money to try and decrease this large amount

Question 55

What did the MPs vote to re install?

Answer 55

An upper house like the House of Lords

Question 56

Why did republicans believe the Lord protectorship was moving towards the monarchical style?

Answer 56

As Richard had disbanded the army as it was a massive drain on finances and introduce religious toleration

Question 57

Who were the heads of the council of officers ?

Answer 57

Desborough and fleetwood

Question 58

What did the republicans demand for the return of in May 1659?

Answer 58

The rump

Question 59

Why was Richard removed?

Answer 59

He favoured civilians over the army?

Question 60

How does starkey describe Richard?

Answer 60

He lacked killer instinct 🗡🗡🗡