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Nursing Fundamentals > LP 12-15 > Flashcards

LP 12-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Consequences of Poor Pain Management

A

Sleep Deprivation
Poor Nutrition
Depression
Anxiety
Agitation
Decreased Activity
Delayed Healing
Lower Quality of Life

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2
Q

The Nature of Pain is

A

Subjective

whatever the person experiencing it says it is

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3
Q

Types of Pain

A

Location
Duration
-Acute
-Chronic (3 months +)
Intensity
Etiology
-Physiological
-Neuropathic

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4
Q

Intensity 0-10

A

1-3 = mild pain
4-6 = moderate pain
7-10 = severe pain

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5
Q

The nurse assessing a client experiencing acute pain does not anticipating assessing which of the following signs or symptoms?

a) increased pulse rate
b) skin warm & dry
c) dilated pupils
d) increased respiratory rate

A

b) skin warm & dry

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6
Q

Threshold

A

least amount of stimuli needed for a pain sensation

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7
Q

Tolerance

A

maximum amount of pain a person is willing to withstand

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8
Q

Hyperalgesia/Hyperpathia

A

heightened responses to a painful stimuli

-severe pain

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9
Q

Allodynia

A

non-painful stimuli produces pain

-light touch/wind

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10
Q

Dysesthesia

A

an unpleasant abnormal sensation

-pin/needles/itching/burning

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11
Q

Sensitization

A

increased sensitivity

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12
Q

Windup

A

progressive increase in excitability & sensitivity of spinal cord neurons, leading to persistent increased pain

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13
Q

Nociception

A

pain receptor

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14
Q

Phases of Nociception

A

1st-Transduction (ibuprofen)
2nd- Transmission (narcotics)
3rd- Perception (distractions)
4th- Modulation (antidepressants)

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15
Q

African Americans believe pain is

A

a part of life and should be endured

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16
Q

Hispanic/Latino believe

A

enduring pain is a sign of strength

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17
Q

Asian Americans

A

value silence
Janpanese may be stoic

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18
Q

Native Americans pain

A

Less expressive

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19
Q

Arab Americans pain

A

express pain to family, not health professionals

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20
Q

FLACC Scale

A

Face expressions
Leg Movement
Activity
Cry
Consolability

2 months-7years old

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21
Q

PAINAD Scale

A

Pain
Assesment
IN
Advanced Dementia

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22
Q

PAINAD Scale scores

A

Noisy Labored Breathing
Occasional Moan
Sad
Tense
Reassured by voice

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23
Q

OLDCARTS

A

Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Aggravating Factors
Relieving Factors
Treatment
Severity

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24
Q

Drug Tolerance

A

decreased sensitivity

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25
Physical Dependence Narcotics
-withdrawal signs/symptoms
26
Addiction
craving for a substance lack of control compulsive use continue use despite harm
27
Pseudo addiction
results from under treatment of the pain client becomes so focused on obtaining meds for pain relief that they become angry and demanding
28
CDC Guidelines for Opioids
Short term (3 days or less, start low) Not first line or routine for chronic pain
29
What are NSAIDs?
Nonopioids work on PNS
30
Types of NSAIDs?
Ibuprofen Asprin Naproxen
31
What are Opiods?
Narcotics work on CNS
32
Types of Opiods
Morphine Fetanyl Oxycodone Tramadol
33
What is a Coanalgesic?
a med developed for another reason, but has been found to reduce certain pain
34
Types of Coanalgesic
Tricyclic Antidepressants (nortrityline, amitriptyline) Anticonvulsants (Gabapentin,Pregablin) Topical Anesthetic (Lidoderm)
35
Combination Opioid & Nonopioid analgesics
Vicodin Percocet Tylenol #3
36
NSAIDs Side Effects
gastric ulcers increased bleeding renal insufficiency
37
Acetaminophen Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity Limit to <4 grams per day in healthy people 3 grams is better
38
Opioid Side Effects
Constipation (stool softener/stimulant) Nausea & Vomiting (antiemetic) Sedation (Stimulant or other route) Respiratory Depression (Narcan) Pruitus (Benadryl) Urinary Retention (change/lower dose; cath)
39
Capnography
monitoring of the concentration of carbon dioxide in resp. gases
40
PCA
Patient Controlled Analgesia
41
Nonpharmacologic Pain Management
target body, mind, and social interactions
42
Physical Interventions for Pain
-Cutaneous stimulation (massage) -Reflexology -Immobilization -Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
43
Cognitive/Behavioral Interventions
-Distraction -Relaxation response -Repaatterning unhelpful thinking -Facilltating coping -Spiritual interventions
44
Nonpharmacologic Invasive Techniques
Nerve block
45
Types of Loss
-Actual -Perceived
46
Grief
the response to a loss
47
Mourning
the behavioral process of resolving grief
48
Kubler-Ross's stages of Grief
-Denial -Anger -Bargaining -Depression -Acceptance
49
Anticipatory Grieving
-expected
50
Complicated Grieving
-Ongoing, heightened state of mourning that inhibits one from healing and restructuring one's life after a loss
51
Death and Dying Concepts
5 YEARS OLD -sleep 9 YEARS OLD -believes unrelated actions caused death; can aviod own death 18 YEARS OLD -Fantasizes that death can be defied 18-45 YEARS OLD -Influenced by religion/culture 45-65 YEARS OLD -Accepts own mortality, death of parents; peaks of death and anxiety 65+ YEARS OLD -fears prolonged illness; death of peers; sees death as having multiple meanings
52
At which age does a child begin to accept that he or she will someday die?
9-12 years old
53
Heart-lung Death
Cessation of apical pulse, respirations, and blood pressure
54
Living Will
life sustaining measures when near death
55
Power of Attorney for Health Care
agent able to make a wide range of health decisions
56
What type of Nurse in WI can pronounce death?
Hospice
57
DNR
Do Not Resuscitate
58
Inquest
legal inquiry into the cause or manner of death (accidents)
59
Cremation is discouraged by
Mormon Islamic Jehovah's Witness
60
Organ donation is opposed by
Mulisms Jehovah's Witness
61
Autopsy is opposed by
Jews Muslims Jehovah's Witness
62
Prolonging Life is discouraged by
Christian Scientists
63
Closed awareness
person that is dying is not aware
64
Mutual Pretense
everyone knows but no one talks about it
65
Open awareness
Open about it/share feelings
66
Signs of Death
Loss of Muscle tone Slowing of circulation Changes in respirations Sensory impairment
67
Upper Respiratory
Above throat
68
Lower Respiratory
Below throat
69
Pulmonary Ventilation
Breathing
70
Alveolar Gas Exchange
Diffusion
71
Hemoglobin (HBG)
in RBC transports oxygen/carbon dioxide
72
What is highly responsive to increase in blood CO2 or hydrogen ion concentration?
Medulla Oblongata
73
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
74
Administering too much______ can cause the client w/ COPD to stop breathing
Oxygen
75
Partial Obstruction
Low pitched snoring during inhalation
76
Complete obstruction
inability to cough/speak no air movement
77
Stridor
harsh high pitched sound on inspiration
78
Dyspnea
difficulty breathing
79
Tachypnea
fast breathing
80
Bradypnea
slow breathing
81
Apnea
absence of breathing
82
Hypoventilation
slow or shallow breathing or both can lead to hypercapnia
83
Hypercapnia
high levels of carbon dioxide in blood
84
Hyperventilation
increased movement of air in/out of lungs
85
Kussmaul's breathing
body tried to blow off acid (compensating) breathing fast like a dog panting
86
Hypoxemia
reduced oxygen in the blood
87
Atelectasis
alveoli calapse
88
Pulmonary Edema
Swelling of the lungs
89
Hypoxia
insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body
90
Hypovolemia
a condition that occurs when your body loses fluid, like blood or water -dizziness -weakness -fatigue
91
Types of Oxygen
Dry Liquid Oxygen concentrator

Nursing Fundamentals (12 decks)

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