Exam 2 Flashcards
Factors influencing energy
-Age & Growth
-Sex
-Climate
-Health
-Body Size
-Activity
-Pregnancy
Factors Affecting Nutrition
-Ethnicity & Culture
-Food fads
-Economics
-Medications
-Health
-Alcohol consumption
-Advertising
-Psychological factors
Essential Nutrients
-Water
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Fats
-Vitamins
-Minerals
Water
-The most abundant nutrient in the body
-Accounts for 60-70% of an adult’s total body weight
-Should consume 8-10 glasses per day
Carbohydrates
-Major source of energy
-4kcal value/gram
-Should be 55-60% of cal
-Sources: Fruits, whole grains, legumes (peas & beans), sugars, vegetables
Fiber
-Parts of plants that can’t be digested by enzymes in the human intestinal tract
-Insoluble & soluble
-Should consume 20-30 grams/day
-prevents: constipation, diverticulitis, diabetes, colon cancer, and heart disease
-Found in complex carbohydrates
Proteins
-organic substances composed of amino acids
-contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
-Esstential amino acids
-complete proteins (found in animal proteins)
-incomplete proteins (usually from vegetables)
Protein Metabolism Includes
-anabolism (building tissue)
-catabolism (breaking down the tissue)
-nitrogen balance (measure of the degree of anabolism & catabolism)
Kcal of carbohydrates
4 kcal value/gram
Kcal of proteins
4 kcal value/gram
How much fiber should you consume?
20-30 grams/day
Kcal of fats
9 kcal value/gram
Fats
-store energy, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, protection
Cholesterol
-soft, fat like substance found in all body cells
-excess can increase risk of heart disease & stroke
Main cause of high blood cholesterol
Saturated fat