Exam 2

Question 1

Factors influencing energy

Answer 1

-Age & Growth
-Sex
-Climate
-Health
-Body Size
-Activity
-Pregnancy

Question 2

Factors Affecting Nutrition

Answer 2

-Ethnicity & Culture
-Food fads
-Economics
-Medications
-Health
-Alcohol consumption
-Advertising
-Psychological factors

Question 3

Essential Nutrients

Answer 3

-Water
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Fats
-Vitamins
-Minerals

Question 4

Water

Answer 4

-The most abundant nutrient in the body
-Accounts for 60-70% of an adult’s total body weight
-Should consume 8-10 glasses per day

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

-Major source of energy
-4kcal value/gram
-Should be 55-60% of cal
-Sources: Fruits, whole grains, legumes (peas & beans), sugars, vegetables

Question 6

Fiber

Answer 6

-Parts of plants that can’t be digested by enzymes in the human intestinal tract
-Insoluble & soluble
-Should consume 20-30 grams/day
-prevents: constipation, diverticulitis, diabetes, colon cancer, and heart disease
-Found in complex carbohydrates

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

-organic substances composed of amino acids
-contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
-Esstential amino acids
-complete proteins (found in animal proteins)
-incomplete proteins (usually from vegetables)

Question 8

Protein Metabolism Includes

Answer 8

-anabolism (building tissue)
-catabolism (breaking down the tissue)
-nitrogen balance (measure of the degree of anabolism & catabolism)

Question 9

Kcal of carbohydrates

Answer 9

4 kcal value/gram

Question 10

Kcal of proteins

Answer 10

4 kcal value/gram

Question 11

How much fiber should you consume?

Answer 11

20-30 grams/day

Question 12

Kcal of fats

Answer 12

9 kcal value/gram

Question 13

Fats

Answer 13

-store energy, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, protection

Question 14

Cholesterol

Answer 14

-soft, fat like substance found in all body cells

-excess can increase risk of heart disease & stroke

Question 15

Main cause of high blood cholesterol

Answer 15

Saturated fat

Question 16

Cholesterol foods

Answer 16

-organ meats
-eggs
-butter
-cheese
-palm oil

Question 17

LDL cholesterol

Answer 17

Bad

Question 18

HDL cholesterol

Answer 18

Good

Question 19

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 19

-body can not store these; need daily

-Vit C
-Thiamine (Vit B1)
-Riboflavin (Vit B2)
-Niacin (Vit B3)
-Pyroxidine (Vit B6)
-Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
-Folacin/Folate (Vit B9)

Question 20

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Answer 20

-Vitamin D
-Vitamin E
-Vitamin K

Question 21

Antioxidants

Answer 21

-They repair molecular damage caused by unstable O2 molecules.

-Vitamin C
-Vitamin E
-Beta carotene

Question 22

Minerals

Answer 22

-Calcium
-Iron
-Sodium
-Zinc
-Potassium

Question 23

Vitamin C

Answer 23

-collagen formation
-aids in absorption & formation of RBC’s
-heals wounds
-antioxidant

Question 24

Thiamine (Vit B1)

Answer 24

-plays an esstential role in carbohydrate metabolism
-necessary for a healthy brain, nerves, and heart

Question 25

Riboflavin (Vit B2)

Answer 25

Converts carbs to energy

Question 26

Niacin (Vit B3)

Answer 26

-Crucial for converting food into energy -maintains normal skin, nerves, and digestive system -may be used to lower cholesterol

Question 27

Pyroxidine (Vit B6)

Answer 27

-Important in chemical reactions of proteins -maintains normal brain function -may be used for PMS, morning sickness, and depression

Question 28

Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)

Answer 28

-aids in RBC formation & maintains the CNS

Question 29

Folacin/Folate (Vit B9)

Answer 29

-aids in maturation of RBC's -important in systhesis of DNA & tissue growth -prevents neural tube defects

Question 30

Vitamin A

Answer 30

-Promotes good vision in dim light -Maintains healthy skin

Question 31

Beta carotene

Answer 31

-has antioxidant properties that may protect against cancer

Question 32

Vitamin D

Answer 32

-"The sunshine vitamin" -promotes the absorption of calcium