loy jr Flashcards
loy jr’s concept of game
playful competition whose outcome is determined by phys skill, strategy, or chance employed alone or tgt
playful: has 1+ elements of huizinga play
- playful competition puts us outside real life
- don’t consider games a type of play bcs that makes sport a subset of play
caillois interpretation of play
free: voluntary, stop/start anything
separate: limited time and space
uncertain: unknown income, inc tension
unproductive: doesn’t make material
goods…the game itself is the result (tho can make ext goods i.e. tickets, betting)
governed by rules: penalized for breaking them
make believe: stands outside reg life, and even if the game isn’t based in make believe there’s still pretending
competition
struggle for supremacy b/w 2+ opposing sides
- individ vs individ
- team vs team
- individ/team vs animate object i.e. hunting, bullfighting
- individ/team vs inanimate object i.e. mountain climbing
- individ/team vs ideal standard i.e. record making
not mutually exclusive, can compete 2+ at a time
games are classified by outcome
- games of chance
- games of strategy
- games of phys skill
how are sports distinguished from games
sports have a need to show physical prowess…NEED a phys aspect, not chance/srat
requires skill dev not needed in games
i.e. loy jr would not consider dice a sport
sport as an institutionalized game
can consider sports as institutionalized games w phys skill and prowess
sport is a formal and organized system of rules, traditions, and social roles
- sport fits into society
to consider sport this way, it needs a long tradition and clear rules on how to play the game
- playing BB is not an institutional sport
- pro BB = institutional, reg and rules, formal org
organizational sphere
sport as institutionalized game
teams: in games, can form spontaneously and disappear afterwards
- in sport, teams are chosen and maintained
- role differentiation: special roles are present in sport, not games
sponsorship: direct i.e. business, or indirect i.e. sporting goods, magazines
government: sports diff from games bcs rules are enforced by regulatory bodies
technological sphere
equip, skills, knowledge needed for competition…sports have MORE
intrinsic tech: essential tools i.e. equip, skill, knowledge
extrinsic tech: extra tools not needed but support the game, i.e. facilities, support skills, spectators
symbolic sphere
shapes how sports are perceived and experienced beyond phys competition
secrecy: play creates boundaries b/w play and reg life…secrecy abt distinguishing play from life
display: visual performative elements i.e. theatrics, uniforms
- players show socially valued attributes that connect to social values
ritual: formalized behaviours that don’t impact game outcome
- add to social significance
- i.e. anthem, shake hands
educational sphere
instructional aspect of sports where players and coaches teach self and others the phys, tech, strat components of sport
skill transmission: teach fundamental skills that allow understanding of techniques NEEDED in sport
knowledge transmission: learn rules, history, strategic approaches
sport as a social INSTITUTION
sport is a social institution bcs it influences and interacts w society
- involved in status, race, business, clothing, ethical values
sport order: collection of orgs that organize, reg sport i.e. teams, companies, gov bodies
primary level: face to face relations, i.e. neighbourhood BB game
technical level: larger groups w formal leadership positions i.e. high school team
managerial level: pro sports teams, members may not interact but have same leadership
corporate level: formal, impersonal structure i.e. ISFs
sport as a social SITUATION
sport is a context to form meaningful relationships
- soc system involving all ppl in/directly involved w sport
degree of involvement i.e. duration, freq, intensity
kind of involvement: producers create, consumers experience it
prim prod = players
2nd prod = coaches, trainers
3rd = band members, cheerleaders
1st consumers = active spectators
2nd = watch via media
3 = discuss or read sport
fan
someone w personal investment and committment to sport
usually primary consumer
deep emotional and psychological engagement
