collins Flashcards
ontological authority
the ref/umpire has authority to make the final decisions that determine the outcome of the game
epistemological privilege
umpires are assumed to have superior understanding of the game’s events
superior view and specialist skills
presumptive justice
assume that justice is done w/o seeing so i.e. umpire always justified
transparent justice
justice is obviously done i.e. score into net
transparent injustice
appears to be done, but is NOT
i.e. ref makes call that sees right, but tech proves wrong
false transparency
sees like justice is done, but it’s not
i.e. tech is flawed
changes in players
as players get experience, they learn that justice is key to officiating
players have good vantage pt, have similar epistemological privilege as officials
tension, feel like can challenge decisions
changes in the crowd
traditionally poor view of the game, but TV replays inc epist priv
off-field umpire
reviews plays, helps ensure that ontological authority remains w the umpire
also uses tech to confirm calls
changes in TV and commentators
replay DESTROYS the superior view of umpires and specialist skills
can sometimes exceed the epist priv of umpires
impact on justice
justice shifted from presumptive –> transparent
can lead to transparent injustice where obv see mistake of officials
do these groups have ontological authority?
no, the umpire still makes the final decision
when fans have epist priv, they lose faith in the authority of officials
RTD
reconstructed track devices: cameras that track the ball trajectory, estimated flight and impact
has a stat uncertainty, not fact
false transparency occurs when viewers believe the tech is fact and it’s incorrect
when does ontological authority shift to technology
when the tech makes the final decisions i.e. tennis
problematic bcs potential for error and false transparency
zone of uncertainty
if the ball falls w/in the zone of uncertainty, the umpire’s decision is final
if ball’s trajectory falls outside this zone, the tech has authority
what does collins say abt accuracy and justice
accuracy is NOT justice
thinks use of tech should be restrained
