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MSK > Lower Limb - muscles and nerves > Flashcards

Lower Limb - muscles and nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles in the anterior thigh act to flex the hip?

A

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

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2
Q

Which muscle in the anterior thigh laterally rotates the hip?

A

Sartorius

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3
Q

Which muscle in the anterior thigh has horizontal fibres which stabilise the patella?

A

Vastus medialis

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4
Q

What are the 5 muscles in the medial thigh?

A 
Obturator externus 
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus 
Adductor magnus 
Gracilis
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5
Q

What the 2 parts of adductor magnus and their innervations?

A

Adductor part - obturator nerve

Hamstring part - tibial nerve

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6
Q

Which muscle lies deep to adductor longus?

A

Adductor brevis

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7
Q

Which 3 muscles are in the posterior thigh?

A

Biceps femoris, semitendonosus, semimembranosus

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8
Q

What are the actions of biceps femoris?

A

Flexion at knee
Extends leg at hip
Lateral rotation at hip and knee

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9
Q

What are the innervations of the biceps femoris?

A

Long head- tibial part of sciatic nerve

Short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve

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10
Q

What innervates the semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

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11
Q

Which posterior thigh muscles function to medially rotate the leg at the knee joint and thigh at the hip joint?

A

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

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12
Q

Which muscle lies posterior to semitendinosus?

A

Semimembranosus

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13
Q

What action do the superficial gluteal muscles do?

A

Abduct and extend the thigh

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14
Q

What are the superficial gluteal muscles?

A

Glut maximus
Glut medius
Glut minimus
Tensor fascia lata

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15
Q

What action do the deep gluteal muscles do?

A

Lateral rotation

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16
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

A

quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior.

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17
Q

What nerve innervates the glut maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the TFL, glut medius and glut minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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19
Q

How do the deep gluteal muscles help to stabilise the hip joint?

A

pull the femoral head into the acetabulum.

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20
Q

What 3 muscles are in the anterior leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus
(fibularis tertius)

21
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

22
Q

What artery supplies the anterior leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

23
Q

What is the action of the anterior leg muscles?

A

dorsiflex and evert the foot

24
Q

Which muscle in the anterior leg is deep to the EDL and TA?

A

Extensor hallicus longus

25
Q

Which anterior leg muscles originate form the lateral surface of the tibia?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

Tibialis anterior

26
Q

Where does extensor hallicus longus originate from?

A

fibular shaft

27
Q

Which nerve is damaged in foot drop?

A

Common fibular nerve

28
Q

What gait is associated with foot drop?

A

Eversion flick

29
Q

How is the common fibular nerve commonly damaged?

A

Damage to the neck of fibular

30
Q

Which muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

31
Q

What action do the lateral leg muscles do?

A

Eversion

32
Q

What innervates the lateral leg muscles?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

33
Q

What action do the posterior leg muscles do?

A

Plantarflexion and inversion of foot

34
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior leg muscles?

A

Tibial nerve

35
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the calf?

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

36
Q

Which muscles converge to form the calcaneal tendon?

A

The superficial calf muscles - gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris.

37
Q

Which posterior leg muscles also flex the knee?

A

Gastrocnemius and plantaris

38
Q

What are the deep posterior leg muscles?

A

popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus,flexor hallicus longus

39
Q

Which posterior leg muscle acts on the knee joint?

A

Popliteus

40
Q

How does the popliteus affect the knee joint?

A

Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia , unlocking the knee joint so flexion can occur.

41
Q

The tendons of the deep calf muscles enter the ankle posterior to the __________ malleolus.

A

Medial

42
Q

Which muscle maintains the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior

43
Q

Why might a locked knee be the presenting sign of a torn meniscus?

A

Torn meniscus gets stuck in the joint to cause a mechanical block

44
Q

The muscles of the gluteal region are all lateral rotators except which ones?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus, these are internal rotators

45
Q

Where can the dorsilis pedalis pulse be palpated?

A

Between extensor hallicus longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons, lateral to big toe.

46
Q

What activities are most likely to result in a pulled hamstring?

A

Sudden movements which stretch the hamstrings e.g jumping, sprinting and lunging

47
Q

The tendons of the deep posterior leg muscles pass posterior to which landmark?

A

Medial malleolus

48
Q

Which artery and nerve pass behind the medial malleolus?

A

Tibial artery and nerve

MSK (16 decks)

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