Lower Limb - muscles and nerves Flashcards
Which muscles in the anterior thigh act to flex the hip?
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Which muscle in the anterior thigh laterally rotates the hip?
Sartorius
Which muscle in the anterior thigh has horizontal fibres which stabilise the patella?
Vastus medialis
What are the 5 muscles in the medial thigh?
Obturator externus Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis
What the 2 parts of adductor magnus and their innervations?
Adductor part - obturator nerve
Hamstring part - tibial nerve
Which muscle lies deep to adductor longus?
Adductor brevis
Which 3 muscles are in the posterior thigh?
Biceps femoris, semitendonosus, semimembranosus
What are the actions of biceps femoris?
Flexion at knee
Extends leg at hip
Lateral rotation at hip and knee
What are the innervations of the biceps femoris?
Long head- tibial part of sciatic nerve
Short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve
What innervates the semimembranosus and semitendinosus?
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
Which posterior thigh muscles function to medially rotate the leg at the knee joint and thigh at the hip joint?
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Which muscle lies posterior to semitendinosus?
Semimembranosus
What action do the superficial gluteal muscles do?
Abduct and extend the thigh
What are the superficial gluteal muscles?
Glut maximus
Glut medius
Glut minimus
Tensor fascia lata
What action do the deep gluteal muscles do?
Lateral rotation
What are the deep gluteal muscles?
quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior.
What nerve innervates the glut maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
What nerve innervates the TFL, glut medius and glut minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve
How do the deep gluteal muscles help to stabilise the hip joint?
pull the femoral head into the acetabulum.
What 3 muscles are in the anterior leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus
(fibularis tertius)
What nerve innervates the anterior leg?
Deep fibular nerve
What artery supplies the anterior leg?
Anterior tibial artery
What is the action of the anterior leg muscles?
dorsiflex and evert the foot
Which muscle in the anterior leg is deep to the EDL and TA?
Extensor hallicus longus
Which anterior leg muscles originate form the lateral surface of the tibia?
Extensor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior
Where does extensor hallicus longus originate from?
fibular shaft
Which nerve is damaged in foot drop?
Common fibular nerve
What gait is associated with foot drop?
Eversion flick
How is the common fibular nerve commonly damaged?
Damage to the neck of fibular
Which muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus and brevis
What action do the lateral leg muscles do?
Eversion
What innervates the lateral leg muscles?
Superficial fibular nerve
What action do the posterior leg muscles do?
Plantarflexion and inversion of foot
Which nerve innervates the posterior leg muscles?
Tibial nerve
What are the superficial muscles of the calf?
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
Which muscles converge to form the calcaneal tendon?
The superficial calf muscles - gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris.
Which posterior leg muscles also flex the knee?
Gastrocnemius and plantaris
What are the deep posterior leg muscles?
popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus,flexor hallicus longus
Which posterior leg muscle acts on the knee joint?
Popliteus
How does the popliteus affect the knee joint?
Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia , unlocking the knee joint so flexion can occur.
The tendons of the deep calf muscles enter the ankle posterior to the __________ malleolus.
Medial
Which muscle maintains the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Tibialis anterior
Why might a locked knee be the presenting sign of a torn meniscus?
Torn meniscus gets stuck in the joint to cause a mechanical block
The muscles of the gluteal region are all lateral rotators except which ones?
Gluteus medius and minimus, these are internal rotators
Where can the dorsilis pedalis pulse be palpated?
Between extensor hallicus longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons, lateral to big toe.
What activities are most likely to result in a pulled hamstring?
Sudden movements which stretch the hamstrings e.g jumping, sprinting and lunging
The tendons of the deep posterior leg muscles pass posterior to which landmark?
Medial malleolus
Which artery and nerve pass behind the medial malleolus?
Tibial artery and nerve
