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msk > 2. Arm & Shoulder > Flashcards

2. Arm & Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

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2
Q

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Middle third of medial surface of humerus

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous

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4
Q

What 2 muscle attach proximally to the coracoid process?

A

Short head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis

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5
Q

What is the main action of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Flexion and adduction of shoulder joint

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6
Q

What is the origin of each head of the biceps brachii?

A

Short head - tip of coracoid process of scapula

Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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7
Q

What is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii muscle?

A

Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital apaneurosis

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the biceps brachii muscle?

A

Musculocutaneous

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9
Q

Which 3 muscles in the arm are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
“BBC”

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10
Q

What is the main action of the biceps brachii?

A

Flexes arm at elbow joint
Flexes arm at shoulder joint
Supinates forearm
Short head resists dislocation of shoulder

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11
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis muscle?

A

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

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12
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis muscle?

A

Coranoid process and tuberosity of ulna

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13
Q

What is the main action of brachialis muscle?

A

Flexes elbow joint in all positions

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14
Q

What is the origin of pronator teres?

A

Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

Humoral head: medial epicondyle of humerus

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15
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pronator teres muscle?

A

Lateral aspect of mid shaft of the radius

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16
Q

What is the main action of the pronator teres muscle?

A

Pronates and flexes forearm

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17
Q

What is a major branch of the brachial artery in the arm?

A

Profunda brachii (deep brachial)

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18
Q

What is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

Imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles

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19
Q

What is the medial border of the cubital fossa?

A

Pronator teres

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20
Q

What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachioradialis

21
Q

What are the contents of the cubical fossa?

A
  • brachial artery branches into radial and ulna arteries.
  • biceps brachii tendon
  • median nerve
  • radial nerve, dividing into deep and superficial branches
  • median cubital vein
22
Q

Which muscles are termed the ‘rotator cuff’ muscles?

A 
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus 
Teres minor 
Supraspinatus 
(SITS)
23
Q

Which nerve supplies the trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve

24
Q

Which muscles in the arm are innervated by the radial nerve?

A

Triceps brachii

25
Q

Which blood vessel branches of the brachial artery accompany the axillary nerve ?

A

Posterior circumflex humoral vessels.

26
Q

What is the relationship of structures in the cubital fossa, lateral to medial?

A

“TAN”
Tendon of biceps brachii
Artery (brachial)
Nerve (medial)

27
Q

What bones is the shoulder girdle made up of?

A

Clavicle and scapula

28
Q

What is the function of the shoulder girdle?

A

Connect the arm to the axial skeleton

29
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket

30
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the glenoid cavity to deepen the cavity.

31
Q

What are the 3 extra-capsular ligaments which attach to the coracoid process?

A
  1. Coracohumeral ligament
  2. Coracoacromial ligament
  3. Coracoclavicular ligament
32
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles attach at the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

33
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle attaches to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

34
Q

Which muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

35
Q

What nerve supplies the teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

36
Q

Which nerve innervates the subscapularis ?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves.

37
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Stabilise the shoulder joint

38
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles initiates ABduction of the shoulder joint?

A

Supraspinatus

39
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles externally rotate the shoulder joint?

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

40
Q

What rotator cuff muscles internally rotate the shoulder joint?

A

Subscapularis

41
Q

Which joint is responsible for the first 90 degrees of shoulder abduction?

A

Glenohumeral joint
0-15 degrees = supraspinatus
15-90 degrees = deltoid

42
Q

Which joint is responsible for abduction of the shoulder joint over 90 degrees, how does it achieve this and what muscles are involved?

A

Scapulo-thoracic joint through scapula rotation.

Upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscles.

43
Q

What muscles are responsible for adduction of the shoulder joint ?

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

44
Q

Which nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles?

A

Thoracodorsal n.

45
Q

Which muscles are involved in flexion of the shoulder joint?

A

Anterior deltoid
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii

46
Q

Which muscles are responsible for extending the shoulder joint?

A

Posterior deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

47
Q

Which muscles cause internal rotation of the shoulder joint?

A

Subscapularis
Teres major
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi

48
Q

Which muscles initiate external rotation of the shoulder joint?

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

49
Q

Which branches of the axillary artery wrap around the proximal head of the humerus ?

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex arteries

msk (16 decks)

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