Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Lower limb - bones and joints > Flashcards

Lower limb - bones and joints Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the only intracapsular ligament of the hip joint?

A

ligament of head of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is enclosed in the ligament of head of femur?

A

Obturator artery (artery to head of femur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint?

A

Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral
Iliofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents hyperextension
Y shaped
Anterior and superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents excessive abduction and extension
Triangle shaped
Anterior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents excessive extension

Spiral orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which ligament is posterior?

A

Ischiofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which hip ligament is the weakest?

A

Ischiofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which arteries largely supply the hip joint?

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The circumflex femoral arteries are branches from which artery?

A

Profunda femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factors help to stabilise the hip joint?

A
  1. Acetabulum - deep
  2. Acetabular labrum
  3. Strong extra capsular ligaments
  4. Reciprocal nature of muscles and ligaments
    - posterior ligaments are weaker but medial rotators are strong
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ligaments have a spiral orientation. This means they are tighter when the joint is __________.

A

Extended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Extension at the hip is limited by which ligament?

A

iliofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which type of hip dislocation is most common, why?

A

Posterior as it tears through the posterior part of the joint capsule is the weakest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would a posterior dislocated hip present?

A

Shortened, medially rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which nerve is at risk with posterior dislocation?

A

Sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 articulations of the knee joint?

A

Tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the menisci made of?

A

Fibrocartilage

21
Q

What are the 2 functions of the menisci?

A

Deepen the articular surface -stability

Shock absorbers

22
Q

Which meniscus is attached to the tibial collateral ligament?

A

Medial meniscus

23
Q

Damage to the tibial collateral ligament results in damage of which meniscus?

A

Medial

24
Q

Which meniscus is smaller and more mobile?

A

Lateral

25
Q

What are the 4 bursae in the knee joint?

A

Suprapatella
Prepatella
Infrapatella
Semimembranosus

26
Q

What is a bursa?

A

Synovial fluid filled sac

27
Q

What are the 3 major types of ligaments at the knee joint?

A
  1. Patellar ligament
  2. Collateral ligaments
  3. Cruciate ligaments
28
Q

What does the patellar ligament attach to?

A

Tibial tuberosity

29
Q

What are the 2 collateral knee ligaments?

A 
Tibial collateral (medial)
Fibular collateral (lateral)
30
Q

What is the function of the collateral knee ligaments?

A

Present medial or lateral movement

31
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

limites posterior rolling of the femur on the tibia

32
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia

33
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

Injury to tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and ACL.

34
Q

What is housemaid’s knee?

A

Inflammation of prepatella bursa

35
Q

What is clergyman’s knee?

A

Inflammation of the infrapatella bursa

36
Q

How is the ACL usually torn?

A

Hyperextensionn of the knee joint

37
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

38
Q

Which 3 bones form the ankle joint?

A

Fibia, fibula and talus

39
Q

What is the name of the socket formed by the fibula and tibia?

A

Mortise - bucket shaped

40
Q

When standing, what are the main weight-bearing bones in the limb?

A

Femur, tibia and calcaneus

41
Q

How will a patient with intertrochanteric fracture of the femur present, why?

A

Shortening and lateral rotation because of iliopsoas muscle

42
Q

Which tendon is commonly damaged when the 5th metatarsal bone is fractured?

A

Peroneus brevis, attaches to 5th metatarsal.

43
Q

The dorsalis pedis is a continuation of which artery?

A

Anterior tibial artery

44
Q

What are the 4 signs of osteoarthritis on an X ray?

A

Decreased joint space
Osteophytes
Bone cysts
Subchondral sclerosis

45
Q

Which type of hip fracture is at risk of avascular necrosis?

A

Intracapsular fractures, as the blood supply penetrates the bone within the capsule.

46
Q

How would you treat an intracapsular femur fracture, e.g sub capital?

A

Hemiarthroplasty ( replace femoral head) or total hip replacement

47
Q

How would you treat an extracapsular femur fracture, e.g intertrochanteric?

A

Dynamic hip screw as blood supply should be retained

48
Q

Which ligaments convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina?

A

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

MSK (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions