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Radiographic Procedures > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 views for the foot?

A
  • AP axial
  • oblique
  • lateral
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2
Q

How is the patient positioned for AP axial foot?

A

Laying on the table with the knee of the affected foot bent and sole of the foot placed against the IR

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3
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central ray for the AP axial foot?

A

Angled 10 degrees cephalic (towards the head) and centered to the base of the 3rd metatarsal and midfoot

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4
Q

What are the structures demonstrated for the AP axial foot?

A

AP projection of the tarsals anterior to the talus, metatarsals and phalanges

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5
Q

What are the 5 evaluation criteria for the AP axial foot?

A
  • entire foot from distal phalanges to the area distal to the talus and calcaneus
  • alignment of the foot down the long axis of the IR
  • no rotation of the foot
  • proper tube angle
  • open joint spaces between the medial and intermediate cuneiforms
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6
Q

What does the demonstration of the entire foot indicate in AP axial foot?

A

Proper centering and collimation both top to bottom and side to side

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7
Q

What is demonstrated with no rotation in the AP axial foot?

A
  • equal amounts of joint space between the shafts of second through fourth metatarsal
  • overlap of second through fifth bases of metatarsals
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8
Q

What does a proper tube angle reflect in a AP axial foot?

A

Improved demonstration of joint spaces of the phalanges, metatarsals, phalanges and tarsals

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9
Q

How is the patient positioned for Oblique foot?

A

Laying on the table with the affected knee bent and foot angled inward at a 30 degree angle to the plate

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10
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central ray for the Oblique foot?

A

Tube is perpendicular to the IR and ray is centered to the base of the 3rd metatarsal and midfoot

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11
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in the Oblique Foot?

A

The joint spaces between the following:
- Cuboid and calcaneus
- Cuboid and fourth and fifth metatarsal
- Cuboid and lateral cuneiform
- Talus and navicular

Cuboid shown in profile

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12
Q

What are the evaluation criteria for Oblique Foot?

A
  • Proper rotation
  • Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal, sinus tarsi and intertarsal joints
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13
Q

How is proper rotation demonstrated in Oblique foot?

A
  • 3rd-5th metatarsal bases free from superimposition
  • Bases of 1st and 2nd metatarsal superimposed on the medial and intermediate cuneiforms
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14
Q

How is over rotation demonstrated in an Oblique foot?

A

Lateral cuneiform tends to be thrown over other cuneiforms

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15
Q

How is that patient positioned for the Lateral Foot?

A

Laying down on the table with their affected knee bent and lateral surface of the foot flat to the IR and dorsiflexed

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16
Q

What is an alternate name for an Oblique Foot?

A

A que Projection - medial rotation

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17
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central ray in a Lateral Foot?

A

Perpendicular and central ray is perpendicular to the base of the 3rd metatarsal

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18
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in the Lateral foot?

A

The entire foot in profile, the ankle joint and distal end of the tibia and fibula

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19
Q

What are the Evaluation criteria for the Lateral Foot?

A
  • Entire foot and distal leg
  • Superimposed plantar surfaces of the metatarsal heads (metatarsals nearly superimposed)
  • Fibula overlapping posterior portion of tibia
  • Tibiotalar joint
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20
Q

What are the 3 views for the Toes?

A
  • Ap Axial
  • Oblique
  • Lateral
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21
Q

How is the patient positioned for the AP axial toes?

A

Laying on the table with the knee of the affected foot bent and sole of the foot placed against the IR

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22
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central ray for the AP Axial toe?

A

Tube is angle 15 degrees cephalic and ray is centered to the base of the 3rd metatarsal

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23
Q

What does the 15 degree tube angle demonstrate in an AP Axial toe image?

A

Open joint spaces of the toes

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24
Q

How is the patient positioned for the Oblique toes?

A

Laying on the table with the affected knee bent and foot/toes angled inward at a 30 degree angle to the plate

25
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central ray for Oblique toes?

A

Perpendicular and centered to the base of the metatarsal and collimated to the toes

26
Q

How is the patient positioned for the Lateral toes?

A

Laying on the table with affected knee bent and medial or lateral side of foot placed on the IR depending on the toe being imaged. Tongue depressor used to push affected toe out of superimposition

27
Q

What are the 4 views for Ankle?

A
  • AP
  • Medial Oblique Bony Structures
  • Medial Oblique Mortise Joint
  • Lateral
28
Q

How is the patient positioned for AP Ankle?

A

Laying on the table with affected leg extended and centered on the IR, with foot dorsiflexed and toes facing up

29
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central for the AP Ankle?

A

Perpendicular to the IR and centered to the midway point between the malleoli

30
Q

What structures are demonstrated in AP Ankle?

A

AP projection of the ankle joint, distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal portion of the talus

31
Q

What are the evaluation criteria for the AP Ankle?

A
  • Ankle joint centered to exposure area of IR
  • Medial and lateral malleoli
  • Talus
  • No rotation of the ankle
  • Tibiotalar joint space
32
Q

How is no rotation demonstrated in the image of an AP Ankle?

A
  • overlap of the tibiofibular joint with anterior tubercle slightly superimposed over the fibula
  • Talus slightly overlapping distal fibula
33
Q

How is the patient positioned for the Medial Oblique Bony Structures?

A

Laying on the table with leg extended and foot centered on the IR, with a 45 degree inward rotation and dorsiflexed

34
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central for the Oblique Ankle Bony Structures?

A

Perpendicular to the IR and beam centered to the ankle joint between the malleoli

35
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in the Oblique Ankle Bony Structures?

A

-Distal ends of the tibia and fibula, parts of which are often superimposed over the talus.
- Tibiofibular articulations

36
Q

What are the Evaluation criteria for the Oblique Ankle bony structures?

A
  • Evidence of proper centering and collimation
  • Ankle joint centered to exposure area
  • Distal tibia, fibula and talus
  • Proper 45-degrree rotation
  • Bony trabecular detail and surrounding soft tissue
37
Q

How is proper 45 degree rotation demonstrated in the Oblique ankle bony structures?

A
  • Tibiofibular articulations open
  • Distal tibia and fibula overlap some of the talus
38
Q

How is the patient positioned for the Medial Oblique Ankle Mortise ?

A

Laying on the table with leg extended and foot centered on the IR, with a 15-20 degree inward rotation until the malleoli are aligned and dorsiflexed

39
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central for the Oblique Ankle Mortise?

A

Perpendicular to the IR and beam centered to the ankle joint between the malleoli

40
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Oblique Ankle Mortise

A

The entire ankle mortise joint in profile and 3 sides of the mortise joint

41
Q

What are the evaluation criteria for Oblique Ankle Mortise?

A
  • Entire ankle mortise joint
  • Distal tibia, fibula and talus
  • Proper rotation of 15-20 degrees of the ankle
42
Q

How is proper rotation demonstrated in Oblique Ankle Mortise?

A
  • open talofibular articulation
  • open tibiotalar articulation
  • no overlap of anterior tubercle of the tibia and the talus with the fibula
43
Q

How is the patient positioned for a Lateral Ankle?

A

Laying down on the table on their side with their affected knee bent and lateral surface of the foot flat to the IR and dorsiflexed

44
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central for Lateral Ankle?

A

Perpendicular to the IR and beam centered to the ankle joint between the malleoli

45
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in the Lateral Ankle?

A

Lateral projection of the lower third of the tibia and fibula, the tarsals and base f the fifth metatarsal

46
Q

What is the evaluation criteria for the Lateral ankle?

A
  • Distal tibia and fibula, talus calcaneus and adjacent tarsals
  • Ankle in true lateral
  • 5th metatarsal and tiberosity
47
Q

How is the true lateral position demonstrated in the Lateral ankle?

A
  • tibiotalar joint well visualized
  • medial and lateral talar domes superimposed
  • fibular over posterior half of tibia
48
Q

What does the presence of the 5th metatarsal base and tuberosity in the lateral ankle demonstrate?

A

A Jones fracture

49
Q

What are the two views for the Calcaneus?

A
  • AP Axial Calcaneus - Plantodorsal
  • Lateral Calcaneus
50
Q

How is the patient positioned for the AP Axial Calcaneus - Plantodorsal?

A

Laying on the table in supine position with leg fully extended and ankle centered to the IR as low as possible, with string pulling foot into hyperflexion

51
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central for AP Axial Calcaneus - Plantodorsal?

A

Tube angled 45 degrees cephalic and ray centered to the midheel and base of the 3rd metatarsal

52
Q

What are the evaluation criteria for the AP Axial Calcaneus - Plantodorsal?

A
  • Calcaneus and talocalcaneal joint
  • No rotation of the calcaneus
53
Q

How is no rotation demonstrated in AP Axial Calcaneus - Plantodorsal?

A
  • 1st or 5th metatarsals not visible on the sides of the foot
  • Sustentaculum tali in profile on the medial side
54
Q

What is demonstrated in the image if the tube angle is incorrect for AP Axial Calcaneus - Plantodorsal?

A

Elongation of the part in the image

55
Q

How is the patient positioned for a lateral calcaneus?

A

Laying down on the table on their side with their affected knee bent and lateral surface of the foot flat to the IR and dorsiflexed

56
Q

What is the angle of the tube and central ray for a Lateral Calcaneus?

A

Centered to the IR and ray centered to 1 inch below the medial malleolus

57
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in a Lateral calcaneus?

A

Ankle joint and calcaneus in lateral profile

58
Q

What are the evaluation criteria for the Lateral calcaneus?

A
  • Evidence of proper collimation and centering
  • Entire calcaneus including ankle joint and adjacent tarsals
  • Not rotation of the calcaneus
  • Bony trabecular details and surrounding tissue
59
Q

How is no rotation demonstrated in a Lateral calcaneus?

A
  • Tuberosity in profile
  • Sinus tarsi open
  • Calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joints open

Radiographic Procedures (9 decks)

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