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Radiographic Procedures > Abdomen-Midterm > Flashcards

Abdomen-Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 views for Abdomen

A

AP Supine (KUB)
AP Upright
Left Lateral Decubitus

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2
Q

How is the patient positioned for AP Supine (KUB)

A

Supine on the table with arms at sides

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3
Q

What is the SID for AP Supine (KUB)?

A

40 inches

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4
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for AP Supine (KUB)?

A

Perpendicular to the IR at the level of the iliac crests

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5
Q

What is the collimation set to for AP Supine (KUB)?

A

14 x 17

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6
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in AP Supine (KUB)?

A

Size and shape of the liver, spleen and kidneys and intra-abdominal clacification or evidence of tumor masses

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7
Q

What are the breathing instructions for AP Supine (KUB)?

A

Suspend at end of expiration

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8
Q

What are the 4 evaluation criteria for AP Supine (KUB)?

A

Area from the upper abdomen to pubic symphysis.
Alignment of the Patient.
No rotation.
Presence of Marker

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9
Q

What does the area from the upper abdomen to pubic symphysis demonstrate?

A

Proper centering and collimation top to bottom and side to side

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10
Q

What are the 3 ways that show proper alignment for AP Supine (KUB)?

A

Vertebral column centered down the long axis of the IR.
No leaning.
Top of both iliac crests aligned to each other

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11
Q

What does proper rotation demonstrate in a AP Supine (KUB)?

A

MSP is perpendicular to the IR

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12
Q

What are the 2 ways that show no rotation in AP Supine (KUB)?

A

Spinous processes in center of lumbar vertebrae.
Symmetric alla

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13
Q

How is the patient positioned for AP Upright

A

Upright, facing the x-ray tube

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14
Q

What is the SID for AP Upright?

A

40 inches

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15
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for AP Upright?

A

Perpendicular to the IR at the level axilla (2 inches above the iliac crest)

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16
Q

What is the collimation set to for AP Upright?

A

14 x 17

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17
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in AP Upright?

A

Size and shape of the liver, spleen and kidneys and intra-abdominal clacification or evidence of tumor masses

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18
Q

What are the breathing instructions for AP Upright?

A

Suspend at end of expiration

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19
Q

What are the 5 evaluation criteria for AP Upright?

A

Area from the upper abdomen to pubic symphysis.
Alignment of the Patient.
No rotation.
Presence of Marker.
Diaphragm

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20
Q

What does the area from the upper abdomen to pubic symphysis demonstrate?

A

Proper centering and collimation top to bottom and side to side

21
Q

What are the 3 ways that show proper alignment for AP Upright?

A

Vertebral column centered down the long axis of the IR.
No leaning.
Top of both iliac crests aligned to each other

22
Q

What does proper rotation demonstrate in a AP Upright?

A

MSP is perpendicular to the IR

23
Q

What are the 2 ways that show no rotation in AP Upright?

A

Spinous processes in center of lumbar vertebrae.
Symetric alla

24
Q

How is the patient positioned for Left Lateral Decubitus

A

On the table in a lateral recumbant position with arms placed above the head and knees flexed

25
Q

What is the SID for Left Lateral Decubitus?

A

40

26
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Left Lateral Decubitus?

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to the midpoint

27
Q

What is the collimation set to for Left Lateral Decubitus?

A

14 x 17

28
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Left Lateral Decubitus?

A

Size and shape of the liver, spleen and kidneys and free air and fluid levels

29
Q

What are the breathing instructions for Left Lateral Decubitus?

A

Suspend at end of expiration

30
Q

What is the commonly used acronym that refers to the AP projection of the abdomen with the patient supine?

A

KUB

31
Q

Why is the left lateral decubitus position preferred over the right lateral decubitus position when the patient is unable to stand?

A

To enable rising free air to be seen through the homogeneous background tissue density of the liver instead of becoming superimposed with air in the stomach

32
Q

Why is it advisable to let the patient remain in the lateral recumbent position for several minutes before making the exposure for Lateral Decubitus?

A

To allow any air to rise to its highest level within the abdomen

33
Q

True or false. Anatomists define the “true pelvis” as the portion of the abdominopelvic cavity inferior to a plane passing through the sacral promontory posteriorly and the superior surface of the pubic bones anteriorly

A

TRUE

34
Q

Which three projections usually comprise the acute abdomen series for ambulatory patients?

A

Supine KUB, AP upright abdomen, and upright PA chest

35
Q

To which level of the patient should the central ray be centered for the KUB when the patient is supine?

A

Iliac crests

36
Q

For the AP upright abdomen image of an adult of average size, why should the centering be slightly higher than the centering level used for the supine KUB image?

A

To include the diaphragm

37
Q

For the KUB image, when should respiration be suspended, and what effect will that have on the patient?

A

On full expiration; elevate the diaphragm

38
Q

Why is it desirable to include the diaphragm in the upright abdomen image?

A

To demonstrate free air in the abdomen

39
Q

Which projection should be used to demonstrate free air within the abdominal cavity when the patient is unable to stand for an upright abdomen image?

A

AP projection, left lateral decubitus position

40
Q

Which projection does not demonstrate free air levels within the abdomen?

A

AP projection with the patient supine

41
Q

What is the major advantage of the PA projection of the abdomen over the AP projection of the abdomen?

A

The PA projection reduces the exposure dose to the gonads.

42
Q

Which radiographic position of the abdomen requires that the patient be placed in the lateral recumbent position on his or her left side and that the horizontal central ray be directed along the midsagittal plane, entering the anterior surface of the patient’s abdomen at the level of the iliac crests?

A

Left lateral decubitus

43
Q

Which radiographic position of the abdomen requires that the patient be supine and that the central ray be directed to a lateral side of the patient, entering slightly anterior to the midcoronal plane?

A

Dorsal decubitus

44
Q

Which of the following is true regarding all abdomen projections?

A

The patient should suspend respiration after expiration

45
Q

The exposure factors for an AP projection image of the abdomen must be sufficient to demonstrate the soft tissues of the:
1. lower border of the liver
2. kidneys
3. psoas muscles

A

1, 2, and 3

46
Q

To which level of the patient should the central ray be centered for the AP abdomen when the patient is upright and the diaphragm is of interest?

A

2 inches above the iliac crest

47
Q

To which level of the patient should the central ray be centered for the AP abdomen when the patient is upright and the bladder is of interest?

A

Iliac crests

48
Q

If free intraperitoneal air is suspected when performing a left lateral decubitus abdomen, how long should the patient lie on their side before exposure?

A

5 minutes

Radiographic Procedures (9 decks)

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