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Radiographic Procedures > Hand Wrist Digit Thumb-Midterm > Flashcards

Hand Wrist Digit Thumb-Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 views for Hand?

A

PA. Oblique, Fan Lateral, Extended Lateral

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2
Q

How is the patient positioned for PA Hand?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand prone on the IR with fingers slightly spread

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3
Q

What is the SID for PA Hand?

A

40 inches

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4
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for PA Hand?

A

Perpendicular to the 3rd MCP joint with midline parallel to long axis of hand/forearm

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5
Q

What is the collimation set to for PA Hand?

A

1 inch on all sides of the hand including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid

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6
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in PA Hand?

A

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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7
Q

What are the 5 evaluation criteria for PA Hand?

A

Entire hand visualized (all anatomy distal to the radius and ulna). Alignment. No rotation. Open joint spaces. No soft tissue overlap

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8
Q

What does the entire hand visualization demonstrate for PA Hand?

A

Proper collimation and centering

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9
Q

What are the 4 ways that show no rotation in PA Hand?

A

Equal concavity of the metacarpal and phalangeal shafts on both side. Equal amount of soft tissue on both sides of the phalanges. Fingernails in the center of each distal phalanx. Equal distance between the heads of the metacarpals

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10
Q

What do open joint spaces demonstrate in PA Hand?

A

Hand is lying flat against the IR

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11
Q

What do no soft tissue overlap demonstrate in PA Hand?

A

Digits are slightly separated

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12
Q

What are the two methods for hand placement for Oblique Hand?

A

Digits resting on the IR and digits NOT resting on the IR

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13
Q

What are the benefits of digits resting on the IR for Oblique Hand?

A

Better oblique view of phalanges and metacarpals

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14
Q

What are the benefits of digits NOT resting on the IR for Oblique Hand?

A

Better view of the joint spaces in the phalanges and metacarpals

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15
Q

How is the patient positioned for Oblique Hand?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand prone on the IR and MCP joints rotated 45 degrees

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16
Q

What is the SID for Oblique Hand?

A

40 inches

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17
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Oblique Hand?

A

Perpendicular to the 3rd MCP joint with midline parallel to long axis of hand/forearm

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18
Q

What is the collimation set to for Oblique Hand?

A

1 inch on all sides of the hand including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid

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19
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Oblique Hand?

A

Oblique projection of the bones and soft tissue of the hands, including the distal radius and ulna

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20
Q

What are the 3 evaluation criteria for Oblique Hand?

A

Entire hand visualized (all anatomy distal to the radius and ulna). Alignment. Properly position oblique

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21
Q

What does the entire hand visualization demonstrate for Oblique Hand?

A

Proper collimation and centering

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22
Q

What are the 5 ways that show proper rotation in Oblique Hand?

A

Slight overlap of the 3rd-5th shafts of metacarpals. Slight overlap of bases and heads of metacarpals. Separation of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals. Open IP and MCP joints. Slightly separated digits with no soft tissue overlap

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23
Q

How is the patient positioned for Fan Lateral Hand?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand in true lateral position on IR and fingers fanned and thumb placed at right angle

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24
Q

What is the SID for Fan Lateral Hand?

A

40 inches

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25
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Fan Lateral Hand?

A

Perpendicular to the 2rd MCP joint with midline parallel to long axis of hand/forearm

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26
Q

What is the collimation set to for Fan Lateral Hand?

A

1 inch on all sides of the hand including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid

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27
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Fan Lateral Hand?

A

Lateral projection of the hand with superimposition of the metacarpals and separation of the individual phalanges

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28
Q

What are the 3 evaluation criteria for Fan Lateral Hand?

A

Entire hand visualized (all anatomy distal to the radius and ulna). Alignment. Properly position fan lateral

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29
Q

What does the entire hand visualization demonstrate for Fan Lateral Hand?

A

Proper collimation and centering

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30
Q

What are the 3 ways that show proper rotation in Fan Lateral Hand?

A

Superimposed metacarpals. Phalanges free from superimposition. Superimposed radius and ulna

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31
Q

What is the incorrect postion for the first two digits in Fan Lateral Hand?

A

1st and 2nd digits touching

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32
Q

How is the patient positioned for Extended Lateral Hand?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand in true lateral position on IR and fingers extended and thumb placed at right angle

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33
Q

When is an Extended Lateral Hand used?

A

Only when the patient is unable to maintain a fan lateral position

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34
Q

What is the SID for Extended Lateral Hand?

A

40 inches

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35
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Extended Lateral Hand?

A

Perpendicular to the 2rd MCP joint with midline parallel to long axis of hand/forearm

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36
Q

What is the collimation set to for Extended Lateral Hand?

A

1 inch on all sides of the hand including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid

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37
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Extended Lateral Hand?

A

Lateral projection of the hand in extension with superimposition of the metacarpals and phalanges

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38
Q

What are the 3 evaluation criteria for Extended Lateral Hand?

A

Entire hand visualized (all anatomy distal to the radius and ulna). Alignment. Properly position extended lateral

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39
Q

What does the entire hand visualization demonstrate for Extended Lateral Hand?

A

Proper collimation and centering

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40
Q

What are the 3 ways that true lateral position in Extended Lateral Hand?

A

Superimposed phalanges. Superimposed metacarpals. Superimposed radius and ulna

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41
Q

What are the 3 views for Wrist?

A

PA. Oblique. Lateral

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42
Q

How is the patient positioned for PA Wrist?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand prone on the IR and digits flexed to place wrist in close contact with the IR

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43
Q

What is the SID for PA Wrist?

A

40 inches

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44
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for PA Wrist?

A

Perpendicular to the midcarpal

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45
Q

What is the collimation set to for PA Wrist?

A

2.5 inches proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 inch on each side

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46
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in PA Wrist?

A

PA projection of the carpals, distal radius/ulna and proximal metacarpals

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47
Q

What are the 3 evaluation criteria for PA Wrist?

A

Entire wrist visualized to include proximal half of metacarpas and radius/ulna. Alignment. Properly positioned wrist

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48
Q

What does the entire wrist visualization demonstrate for PA Wrist?

A

Proper collimation and centering

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49
Q

What are the 3 ways that show proper placement in PA Wrist?

A

No rotation. Open radioulnar joint. No superimposition of digits with metacarpals (digits only slightly flexed)

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50
Q

How is the patient positioned for Oblique Wrist?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand prone on the IR and wrist rotated 45 degrees externally

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51
Q

What is the SID for Oblique Wrist?

A

40 inches

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52
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Oblique Wrist?

A

Perpendicular to the midcarpal

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53
Q

What is the collimation set to for Oblique Wrist?

A

2.5 inches proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 inch on each side

54
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Oblique Wrist?

A

Carpals on the lateral side of the wrist, particularly the trapezium and scaphoid

55
Q

What are the 3 evaluation criteria for Oblique Wrist?

A

Entire wrist visualized to include proximal half of metacarpas and radius/ulna. Alignment. Properly positioned wrist

56
Q

What does the entire wrist visualization demonstrate for Oblique Wrist?

A

Proper collimation and centering

57
Q

What are the 2 ways that show proper placement in Oblique Wrist?

A

Lateral aspect of the hand visualized. Proper rotation 45 degrees

58
Q

What aare the 2 ways proper rotation is demonstrated in an Oblique Wrist?

A

Slight overlaps of the distal radius and ulna. Spaces between the shafts of the 3rd-5th metacarpals

59
Q

How is the patient positioned for Lateral Wrist?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with wrist in true lateral position

60
Q

What is the SID for Lateral Wrist?

A

40 inches

61
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Lateral Wrist?

A

Perpendicular to the wrist joint

62
Q

What is the collimation set to for Lateral Wrist?

A

2.5 inches proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 inch on each side

63
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Lateral Wrist?

A

Lateral projections of the proximal metacarpals, carpals and distal radius/ulna

64
Q

What are the 3 evaluation criteria for Lateral Wrist?

A

Entire wrist visualized to include proximal half of metacarpas and radius/ulna. Alignment. Properly positioned wrist

65
Q

What does the entire wrist visualization demonstrate for Lateral Wrist?

A

Proper collimation and centering

66
Q

How is a true lateral position demonstrated in Lateral Wrist?

A

Superimposition of metacarpals, carpals and radius and ulna

67
Q

How should the fingers be placed in a Lateral Wrist

A

Extended with the thumb 90 degrees

68
Q

What are the 3 views for Digit?

A

PA, Oblique and Lateral

69
Q

How is the patient positioned for PA Digit?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand prone on the IR with fingers slightly spread and digit of interest centered

70
Q

What is the SID for PA Digit?

A

40 inches

71
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for PA Digit?

A

Perpendicular to the PIP joint of the affected digit

72
Q

What is the collimation set to for PA Digit?

A

1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the MCL

73
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in PA Digit?

A

PA projection of the appropriate digit and adjoining distal metacarpal

74
Q

What are the 5 evaluation criteria for PA Digit?

A

Entire digit from fingernail to distal portion of adjoining metacarpal. No soft tissue overlap from adjacent digits. No rotation. Fingernail centered over the distal phalanx. Open IP and MCP joint spaces

75
Q

What does the entire finger visualization demonstrate for PA Digit?

A

Proper collimation and centering

76
Q

What are the 2 ways that show no rotation in PA Digit?

A

Equal concavity on both sides of the phalangeal bodies. Equal amount of soft tissue on both sides of the phalanges

77
Q

What do open joint spaces demonstrate in PA Digit?

A

Finger is lying flat on the IR

78
Q

What do no soft tissue overlap demonstrate in PA Digit?

A

Digits are separated accordingly

79
Q

How is the patient positioned for Oblique Digit?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand prone on the IR and MCP joints rotated 45 degrees

80
Q

What is the SID for Oblique Digit?

A

40 inches

81
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Oblique Digit?

A

Perpendicular to the PIP joint of the affected digit

82
Q

What is the collimation set to for Oblique Digit?

A

1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the MCL

83
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Oblique Digit?

A

PA oblique projection of the appropriate digit and adjoining distal metacarpal

84
Q

What are the 5 evaluation criteria for Oblique Digit?

A

Entire digit rotated 45 degrees to include distal portion of metacarpal. No superimposition of adjacent digits. Open IP and MCP joint spaces

85
Q

What does the entire finger visualization demonstrate for Oblique Digit?

A

Proper collimation and centering

86
Q

What do open joint spaces demonstrate in Oblique Digit?

A

Finger is lying flat on the IR

87
Q

What do no soft tissue overlap demonstrate in Oblique Digit?

A

Digits are separated accordingly

88
Q

How is the patient positioned for Lateral Digit?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand and wrist in true lateral position by resting hand on medial surface

89
Q

What is the SID for Lateral Digit?

A

40 inches

90
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Lateral Digit?

A

Perpendicular to the PIP joint of the affected digit

91
Q

What is the collimation set to for Lateral Digit?

A

1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the MCL

92
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Lateral Digit?

A

A lateral projection of the affected digit and adjoining distal metacarpal

93
Q

What are the 4 evaluation criteria for Lateral Digit?

A

Entire digit from fingernail to distal portion of adjoining metacarpal in true lateral. No rotation. No superimposition of the proximal phalanx or MCP joint by adjacent digits. Open IP joint spaces

94
Q

What does the entire finger visualization demonstrate for Lateral Digit?

A

Proper collimation and centering

95
Q

What are the 2 ways that show no rotation in Lateral Digit?

A

Fingernail is in profile. Concave anterior surface

96
Q

What do open joint spaces demonstrate in Lateral Digit?

A

Finger is lying flat on the IR

97
Q

What are the 3 views for Thumb?

A

Oblique, AP, Lateral

98
Q

How is the patient positioned for Oblique Thumb?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand prone on the IR with fingers slightly spread

99
Q

What is the SID for Oblique Thumb?

A

40 inches

100
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Oblique Thumb?

A

Perpendicular to the MCP joint

101
Q

What is the collimation set to for Oblique Thumb?

A

1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the CMC joint

102
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Oblique Thumb?

A

Oblique project of the thumb and first metacarpal including trapezium

103
Q

What are the 5 evaluation criteria for Oblique Thumb?

A

Area from the distal tip of the thumb to the trapezium. Proper rotation. Open IP and MCP joints

104
Q

What does the entire finger visualization demonstrate for Oblique Thumb?

A

Proper collimation and centering

105
Q

How is proper rotation demonstrated in Oblique Thumb?

A

Concave surface of elevated side of proximal phalanz and metacarpal

106
Q

What do open joint spaces demonstrate in Oblique Thumb?

A

Finger is lying flat on the IR

107
Q

How is the patient positioned for AP Thumb?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand placed in extreme internal rotation with nail of thumb resting on the IR

108
Q

What is the SID for AP Thumb?

A

40 inches

109
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for AP Thumb?

A

Perpendicular to the MCP joint

110
Q

What is the collimation set to for AP Thumb?

A

1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the CMC joint

111
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in AP Thumb?

A

AP projection of the thumn and first metacarpal including trapezium

112
Q

What are the 5 evaluation criteria for AP Thumb?

A

Area from the distal tip of the thumb to the trapezium. No rotation. Overlap of soft tissue profile of the palm over the midshaft of the first metacarpal. Open IP and MCP joints

113
Q

What does the entire finger visualization demonstrate for AP Thumb?

A

Proper collimation and centering

114
Q

What are the 3 ways that show no rotation in AP Thumb?

A

Concavity of the phalangeal and metacarpal bodies. Equal amount of soft tissue on both sides of the phalanges. Thumbnail in the center of the distal thumb

115
Q

What do open joint spaces demonstrate in AP Thumb?

A

Finger is lying flat on the IR

116
Q

How is the patient positioned for Lateral Thumb?

A

Seated at the end of the table, arm flexed 90 degrees with hand placed prone position and thumb in true lateral

117
Q

What is the SID for Lateral Thumb?

A

40 inches

118
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Lateral Thumb?

A

Perpendicular to the MCP joint

119
Q

What is the collimation set to for Lateral Thumb?

A

1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the CMC joint

120
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Lateral Thumb?

A

Lateral projection of the thumb and first metacarpal including the trapezium

121
Q

What are the 3 evaluation criteria for Lateral Thumb?

A

Area from the distal tip of the thumb to the trapezium. No rotation. Open IP and MCP joints

122
Q

What does the entire finger visualization demonstrate for Lateral Thumb?

A

Proper collimation and centering

123
Q

What are the 2 ways that show no rotation in Lateral Thumb?

A

Concave anterior surface of the proximal phalanx and metacarpal. Thumbnail in profile

124
Q

What do open joint spaces demonstrate in Lateral Thumb?

A

Finger is lying flat on the IR

125
Q

What projection of the thumb may be substituted if the patient is unable to maintain the required position for the AP projection?

A

PA

126
Q

Which two groups of joints of the hand and digits should be demonstrated open on the image of the PA projection of the hand?

A

Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal

127
Q

Which projection of the hand should demonstrate superimposed phalanges?

A

Lateral, in extension

128
Q

For the lateral projection of the wrist, how should the elbow be positioned?

A

Flexed 90 degrees

129
Q

For the lateral projection of the wrist, which surface of the wrist should be in contact with the IR?

A

Lateral

130
Q

How much should the wrist be rotated for the PA oblique projection?

A

45 degrees

Radiographic Procedures (9 decks)

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