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Radiographic Procedures > Chest-Midterm > Flashcards

Chest-Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 views for Chest?

A

PA
Lateral
Supine
Apical Lordotic
Right and Left Decubitus
Obliques (RAO/LAO)

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2
Q

How is the patient positioned for PA chest?

A

Upright, facing the grid with elbows flexed and back of hands placed on LATERAL aspect of hips and shoulders rolled forward

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3
Q

What is the SID for PA chest?

A

72 inches

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4
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for PA Chest?

A

IR 1 ½ to 2 inches above RELAXED shoulders and centered at the MSP level of T7

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5
Q

What is the collimation set to for PA Chest?

A

14 x 17

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6
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in PA Chest?

A

PA projection of thoracic viscera which demonstrates air filled trachea, lungs, heart, aortic arch and the diaphragm

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7
Q

What are the breathing instructions for PA chest?

A

Inspiration, have patient take in TWO full breaths prior to exposure

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8
Q

What are the 7 evaluation criteria for PA chest?

A
  1. Entire lung field from apices to costophrenic angles
  2. Proper alignment to the IR
  3. No rotation
  4. Scapula projected outside of the lung field
  5. Ten posterior ribs projected above the diaphragm
  6. Proper side markers visible in top corner of the image and out of anatomy of interest
  7. Proper technical factors
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9
Q

What does the entire lung field demonstrate in a PA Chest?

A

Proper collimation and centering

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10
Q

What does proper alignment demonstrate in PA chest?

A

There is no patient leaning and the hips and shoulders are in the same plane

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11
Q

What does proper rotation demonstrate in a PA Chest?

A

MSP is perpendicular to the IR

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12
Q

What are the 3 ways that show there is no rotation in a PA Chest?

A

Air filled trachea are in the midline
Sternal ends of the clavicle are equidistant to the vertebral column
Equal distance from the spine to the Lateral border of the ribs on each side

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13
Q

What do the scapula outside of the lung field demonstrate in a PA chest?

A

That the shoulders are rotated forward sufficiently

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14
Q

What do the Ten posterior rib projections demonstrate in a PA Chest?

A

Proper and sufficient inspiration

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15
Q

What is the purpose of depressing the shoulders in a PA Chest?

A

To keep the clavicles below the apices

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16
Q

If a patient were to remove one shoulder from contact with the grid device before the exposure for a PA Chest, which of the following image effects would occur?

A

The sternal ends of the clavicles would no longer be equidistant from the vertebral column

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17
Q

How is the patient positioned for Lateral Chest?

A

Upright in true lateral position with left side closest to IR. Arms are raised above the head and flexed at elbows

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18
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Lateral Chest?

A

IR 1 ½ to 2 inches above shoulders and centered at the MCP level

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19
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Left Lateral Chest?

A

Heart,
Aorta
Left sided pulmonary lesions
Interlobular fissures,
Differentiation of Lobes a

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20
Q

What are the breathing instructions for Lateral chest?

A

Inspiration, have patient take in TWO full breaths prior to exposure

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21
Q

What are the 6 evaluation criteria for Lateral Chest?

A
  1. Entire lung field from apices to costophrenic angles
  2. Proper alignment
  3. No rotation
  4. Arms and soft tissue not superimposed over apices
  5. Side marker visible in top corner of the image and out of anatomy of interest
  6. Proper technical factors
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22
Q

What does the entire lung field demonstrate in a Lateral Chest?

A

Proper collimation and centering

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23
Q

What does proper alignment demonstrate in Lateral chest?

A

No leaning forward, backwards or sideways from the IR and hips/shoulders are in the same plane

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24
Q

What does proper rotation demonstrate in a Lateral Chest?

A

MCP is perpendicular to the IR

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25
Q

What are the 4 ways that show there is no rotation in a Lateral Chest?

A

Superimposition of the posterior ribs
Lateral sternum seen in profile
Hilum in center of the image
Open thoracic intervertebral joint spaces and intervertebral foramina

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26
Q

What do the arms and soft tissue not superimposed over apices demonstrate in a Lateral Chest?

A

Arms were extended over the head

27
Q

What happens when the patient leans on the IR for Lateral Chest?

A

Results in a distortion of all thoracic structures

28
Q

True or false. A lateral projection image of the chest should be viewed so that the side of the patient where the central ray entered is nearer the viewer.

A

TRUE

29
Q

True or false. The patient’s heart will appear largerin the right lateral projection image than in the left lateral projection image.

A

TRUE

30
Q

How is the patient positioned for Oblique Chest LAO?

A

Upright with left shoulder on the IR and body turned 45 degrees. Left hand placed on hip with palm outward and right arm raised to shoulder level

31
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Oblique Chest LAO?

A

Perpendicular to the IR at the level of T7

32
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Left Oblique Chest LAO?

A

Maximum area of the right lung
Thoracic viscera
Trachea and its bifurcation and right branch of the bronchial tree

33
Q

How is the patient positioned for Oblique Chest RAO?

A

Upright with right shoulder on the IR and body turned 45 degrees. Right hand placed on hip with palm outward and left arm raised to shoulder level

34
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Oblique Chest RAO?

A

Perpendicular to the IR at the level of T7

35
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Oblique Chest RAO?

A

Maximum area of the left lung,
Thoracic viscera,
Trachea and its bifurcation and left branch of the bronchial tree

36
Q

For an Oblique chest, which side (the one closer to or farther from the IR) is generally the side of interest?

A

The one farthest from the IR

37
Q

How is the patient positioned for Supine Chest?

A

Laying down in supine position with back against the grid

38
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Supine Chest?

A

Perpendicular to the long axis of the sternum and center of the IR. CR centered approximately 3 inches below the jugular notch

39
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Supine Chest?

A

AP projection of the thoracic viscera with increased magnification of heart and great vessels, shortened lung field, and higher projection of clavicles

40
Q

How is the patient positioned for Apical Lordic Chest?

A

Upright facing the X ray tube, with shoulders in contact with the IR and MCP angled 15-20 degrees vertically forward

41
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Apical Lordic Chest?

A

Perpendicular to the center of the IR at the level of the midsternum

42
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Apical Lordic Chest?

A

Free the apices of the chest from superimposition of the clavicles

43
Q

How is the patient positioned for Left Lateral Decubitus Chest?

A

Patient lying with left side touching the table, with arms extended above the head and thorax in true lateral position.

44
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Left Lateral Decubitus Chest?

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to center of IR at level 3 inches below jugular notch

45
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Left Lateral Decubitus Chest?

A

Change in fluid position or in the case of pneumothorax, the presence of air

46
Q

How is the patient positioned for Right Lateral Decubitus Chest?

A

Patient lying with right side touching the table, with arms extended above the head and thorax in true lateral position.

47
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Right Lateral Decubitus Chest?

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to center of IR at level 3 inches below jugular notch

48
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Right Lateral Decubitus Chest?

A

Change in fluid position or in the case of pneumothorax, the presence of air

49
Q

How is air best demonstrated in a Lateral Debitus position?

A

With the patient laying in the unaffected side so the affected side is closer to the tube

50
Q

Why should the patient be positioned upright for a chest image?

A

Diaphragm to reach its lowest level,
Prevent engorgement of the pulmonary vessels,
Demonstrate Air and fluid levels

51
Q

Why should chest images be performed with a 72- inch SID?

A

To minimize magnification of the heart

52
Q

Why should chest images be performed after the patient has suspended respiration after the second inspiration?

A

To expand the lungs better

53
Q

With reference to the IR, how are the midsagittal plane and the midcoronal plane positioned for the PA projection of the chest?

A

Midsagittal: perpendicular; midcoronal: parallel

54
Q

For the PA projection of the chest, which positioning maneuver should be performed for the best removal of the scapulae from lung fields?

A

Rotate the shoulders forward.

55
Q

For which projection of the chest should the midsagittal plane be parallel with the IR?

A

Lateral projection

56
Q

With reference to the IR, how are the midcoronal plane and the midsagittal plane positioned for the lateral projection of the chest?

A

Midcoronal: perpendicular; midsagittal: parallel

57
Q

Which projection of the chest best demonstrates lung apices free from superimposition with the clavicles?

A

AP axial projection, lordotic position (Lindblom method)

58
Q

Using a lateral decubitus position for patients who are unable to stand upright best demonstrates which of the following pathologic conditions of the chest?

A

Air or fluid levels

59
Q

With reference to the IR, how are the midsagittal plane and the midcoronal plane positioned for the AP chest, left lateral decubitus position?

A

Midsagittal: perpendicular; midcoronal: parallel

60
Q

Which pathologic condition of the lungs is best demonstrated with the AP chest, left lateral decubitus position?

A

Fluid levels in the left side or free air in the right side of the chest

61
Q

Which pathologic condition of the lungs is best demonstrated with the AP chest, right lateral decubitus position?

A

Fluid levels in the right side or free air in the left side of the chest

62
Q

Which radiographic position requires that the patient be placed supine with the IR placed vertically against the patient’s right side and a horizontal central ray directed to the center of the IR?

A

Dorsal decubitus

63
Q

Which radiographic position requires that the patient be placed prone?

A

Ventral decubitus

64
Q

When performing the Apical lordotic position image of the chest, at what level do you direct the central ray?

A

Midsternum

Radiographic Procedures (9 decks)

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