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Radiographic Procedures > Chapter 2 - Anatomy and Positioning Terms Midterm > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Anatomy and Positioning Terms Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are surface landmarks?

A

External landmarks related to the body structures at the same level

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2
Q

What are the cervical area surface landmarks?

A
  • C1 mastoid tip
  • C2, C3 Gonion (angle of mandible)
  • C3, C4 Hyoid bone
  • C5 Thyroid cartilage
  • C7, T1 Vertebra prominence
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3
Q

What are the thoracic area surface landmarks?

A

-T1 Approx. 2 in above jugular notch
- T2, T3 Level of the jugular notch
- T4, T5 Level of the sternal angle
- T7 Level of the inferior angle of scapulae
- T9, T10 Level of the xiphoid process

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4
Q

What are the lumbar area surface landmarks?

A

L2, L3 Inferior costal margin
L4, L5 Level of superior most aspect of iliac crest

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of body habitus?

A
  • Hypersthenic (big body)
  • Sthenic (average body)
  • Hyposthenic (Small body)
  • Asthenic (Narrow chest, wide hips)
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6
Q

What are the two types of bone markings and features?

A
  • Processes and projections
  • Depressions
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7
Q

What are condyle?

A

Rounded process at an articular extremity

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8
Q

What are coracoid/coronoid?

A

Beak-like or crown like processes

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9
Q

What is a crest?

A

Ridge like projection

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10
Q

What is an epicondyle?

A

Projection above a condyle

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11
Q

What is a facet?

A

Small, smooth-surfaced process for articulation with another surface

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12
Q

What is a Head?

A

Expanded end of a long bone

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13
Q

What is a protuberance?

A

Projecting part or prominence

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14
Q

What is a spine?

A

Sharp process

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15
Q

What is a styloid?

A

Long, pointed process

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16
Q

What is a trochanter?

A

Either of 2 large, rounded and elevated processes located at the junction of neck and shaft of femur

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17
Q

What is a tubercle?

A

Small, rounded elevated process

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18
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

large, rounded elevated process

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19
Q

What is a fissure?

A

cleft or deep groove

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20
Q

What is a foramen?

A

Hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels/nerves

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21
Q

What is a fossa?

A

Pit, fovea or hollow space

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22
Q

What is a groove?

A

Shallow linear channel

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23
Q

What is a notch?

A

Indentation into the border of a bone

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24
Q

What is the anterior (ventral) part of the body?

A

Forward or front part of the body/organ

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25
Q

What is the posterior (dorsal) part of the body?

A

Back part of the body/organ

26
Q

What is the Caudad part of the body?

A

Parts away from the head of the body

27
Q

What is Cephalad parts of the body?

A

Parts towards the head of the body

28
Q

What is the inferior part of the body?

A

Nearer the feet or situated below

29
Q

What is the Superior part of the body?

A

Nearer the head or situated above

30
Q

What is the lateral part of the body?

A

Away from median plan of body or away from the middle of another part of the body to the right/left

31
Q

What is the medial part of the body?

A

Toward median plan of body or toward the middle of a body part

32
Q

What is superficial?

A

Toward the skin or surface

33
Q

What is Distal?

A

Farthest from point of attachment, point of reference or origin

34
Q

What is proximal?

A

Nearer the point of attachment

35
Q

What is external?

A

Outside an organ or on outside of body

36
Q

What is internal?

A

Within or inside of an organ

37
Q

What is visceral?

A

Covering of an organ

38
Q

What is Dorsum?

A

Top or anterior surface of the foot or to the back or posterior surface of the hand

39
Q

What is palmar?

A

Palm of hand

40
Q

What is plantar?

A

Sole of foot

41
Q

What are the 4 positioning terms commonly used in radiology?

A
  • Projection
  • Position
  • View
  • Method
42
Q

What is a projection?

A

The path of the central ray as it exits the tube and goes through the patient to the IR

43
Q

What is a projection defined by?

A

The entrance and exit points in the body based on anatomic position

44
Q

How is an AP projection obtained?

A

When the central ray enters anywhere in the front surface of the body and exits the back

45
Q

What are the two definitions of position in radiology?

A
  • The overall posture of the patient or general body position (Upright, supine, prone, seated, recumbent)
  • Specific placement of the body part in relation to the table or IR (right lateral, left anterior oblique)
46
Q

What is View?

A

Used to describe the body part as seen by the IR (restricted to the general discussion of a finished radiograph)

47
Q

What is Method?

A

The specific radiograph projection that an individual developed to show specific anatomy

48
Q

What is abduct or abduction?

A

Movement of the part away from the central axis of the body

49
Q

What is adduct or adduction?

A

Movement of the part towards the central axis of the body

50
Q

What is flexion?

A

Act of bending a joint, opposite of extension

51
Q

What is extension?

A

Straightening of a joint

52
Q

What is hyperextension?

A

Forced or excessive extension of a limb/joint

53
Q

What is hyperflexion?

A

Forced over flexion of a limb or joints

54
Q

What is evert/eversion?

A

Outward turning of the foot at the ankle

55
Q

What is invert/inversion?

A

Inward turning of the foot at the ankle

56
Q

What is pronate/pronation?

A

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is down

57
Q

What is supinate/supination?

A

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is up in the air

58
Q

What is rotate/rotation?

A

Turning or rotating the body or a body part around its axis

59
Q

What is deviation?

A

Turning away from the regular standard or course

60
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Flexion or bending of the foot toward the leg

Radiographic Procedures (9 decks)

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