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Radiographic Procedures > Forearm Elbow Humerus-Midterm > Flashcards

Forearm Elbow Humerus-Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 views for Forearm?

A

AP Lateral

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2
Q

How is the patient positioned for AP Forearm?

A

Seated at the end of the table with forearm rested on the tabletop in Supine position (palm up)

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3
Q

What is the SID for AP Forearm?

A

40 inches

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4
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for AP Forearm?

A

Perpendicular to the midpoint of the forearm

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5
Q

What is the collimation set to for AP Forearm?

A

2 inches distal to the wrist joint and proximal to the elbow joint with 1 inch on the sides

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6
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in AP Forearm?

A

The elbow joint, radius/ulna, and the proximal row of slightly distorted carpal bones

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7
Q

What are the 4 evaluation criteria for AP Forearm?

A

Entire forearm to include wrist and distal humerus. Forearm centered in the collimated field. Proper alignment. No rotation

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8
Q

What does the entire forearm visualization demonstrate for AP Forearm?

A

Proper collimation and centering

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9
Q

How is proper alignment demonstrated in AP forearm?

A

Partially opened elbow joint

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10
Q

What are the 3 ways that show no rotation in AP Forearm?

A

Slight superimpostion of the radial head, neck and tuberosity over the proximal ulna. No elongation or foreshortening of humeral epicondyles. Open radioulnar joint

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11
Q

What does the supine hand position demonstrate in an AP forearm?

A

Ensures that the radius doesn’t cross over the ulna

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12
Q

How is the patient positioned for Lateral Forearm?

A

Seated at the end of the table with forearm rested on the tabletop in true lateral position (thumb side up)

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13
Q

What is the SID for Lateral Forearm?

A

40 inches

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14
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Lateral Forearm?

A

Perpendicular to the midpoint of the forearm

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15
Q

What is the collimation set to for Lateral Forearm?

A

2 inches distal to the wrist joint and proximal to the elbow joint with 1 inch on the sides

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16
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Lateral Forearm?

A

The elbow joint, radius/ulna, and the proximal row of superimposed carpal bones

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17
Q

What are the 3 evaluation criteria for Lateral Forearm?

A

Entire forearm to include wrist and distal humerus. Elbow flexed 90 degrees. Forearm placed in true lateral position

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18
Q

What does the entire forearm visualization demonstrate for Lateral Forearm?

A

Proper collimation and centering

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19
Q

What are the 4 ways that show true lateral in Lateral Forearm?

A

Superimposition of radius and ulna at distal end. Superimposition of radial head over coronoid process. Radial tuberosity facing anteriorly. Superimposed humeral epicondyles

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20
Q

What does the presence of the radial tuberosity indicated in a Lateral forearm?

A

Wrist and hand are in true lateral position

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21
Q

What does the superimposed humeral epicondyles indicate in a Lateral Forearm?

A

Humerus and forearm are in the same plane

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22
Q

What are the 4 views for Elbow?

A

AP Lateral AP Oblique internal rotation AP Oblique External rotation

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23
Q

How is the patient positioned for AP Elbow?

A

Seated at the end of the table with forearm rested on the tabletop in Supine position (palm up) and elbow centered to IR

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24
Q

What is the SID for AP Elbow?

A

40 inches

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25
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for AP Elbow?

A

Perpendicular to the elbow joint

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26
Q

What is the collimation set to for AP Elbow?

A

3 inches proximal and distal to the elbow joint and 1 inch on the sides.

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27
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in AP Elbow?

A

AP projection of the elbow joint, distal arm and proximal forearm

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28
Q

What are the 4 evaluation criteria for AP Elbow?

A

Entire elbow joint to include distal humerus and proximal forearm. Elbow joint centered and aligned to the collimated field. Opened humeroradial joint (elbow joint). No rotation

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29
Q

What are the 2 ways that show no rotation in AP Elbow?

A

Radial head, neck and tuberoisty are slightly superimposed over the proximal ulna. Coronoid and olecranon fossa almost equidistant to the epicondyles

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30
Q

What position should the epicondyles be in for AP Elbow?

A

Parallel to the IR

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31
Q

How is the patient positioned for Lateral Elbow?

A

Seated at the end of the table with arm flexed 90 degrees and hand/wrist in true lateral postion

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32
Q

What is the SID for Lateral Elbow?

A

40 inches

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33
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Lateral Elbow?

A

Perpendicular to the elbow joint

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34
Q

What is the collimation set to for Lateral Elbow?

A

3 inches proximal and distal to the elbow joint

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35
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Lateral Elbow?

A

The lateral projection of the elbow joint, distal arm and proximal forearm

36
Q

What are the 5 evaluation criteria for Lateral Elbow?

A

Elbow joint centered and aligned to the collimated. Elbow flexed 90 degrees. Elevated fat pads seen in the soft tissue of the anterior and posterior distal humerus. Elevated fat pads seen in the soft tissue of the anterior proximal forearm. Elbow in true lateral position

37
Q

What are the 4 ways that show the elbow in true lateral position in Lateral Elbow?

A

Humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the IR. Radial tuberosity facing anteriorly. Olecranon process seen in profile. Radial head partially superimposed over coronoid process

38
Q

What do perpendicular epicondyles demonstrate in a Lateral elbow?

A

Hand and wrist are in true lateral

39
Q

What does the radial tuberosity in the anterior surface demonstrate in a Lateral elbow?

A

Hand is in true lateral position

40
Q

What do the concentric circles demonstrate in a Lateral Elbow?

A

Humerus and rest of arm are flat on the tabletop

41
Q

How is the patient positioned for Medial (internal) oblique elbow?

A

Seated at the end of the table with arm in contact with the table top and arm supinated and medially rotated to 45 degree angle

42
Q

What is the SID for Medial (internal) oblique elbow?

A

40 SID

43
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Medial (internal) oblique elbow?

A

Perpendicular to the elbow joint

44
Q

What is the collimation set to for Medial (internal) oblique elbow?

A

3 inches proximal and distal to the elbow joint and 1 inch on the sides.

45
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Medial (internal) oblique elbow?

A

Oblique projection of the elbow with the coronoid process projected free of superimposition

46
Q

What are the 4 evaluation criteria for Medial (internal) oblique elbow?

A

Elbow joint centered and aligned to the collimated.Trochlea visible. Olecranon process seen within the olecranon fossa. Proper 45 degree rotation

47
Q

What are the 3 ways that show the elbow in rotated properly in Medial (internal) oblique elbow?

A

Coronoid process is in profile and free from superimpostion. Elongated medial humeral epicondyle. Ulna superimposed by radial head and neck

48
Q

How is the patient positioned for Medial (external) oblique elbow?

A

Seated at the end of the table with arm in contact with the table top and arm supinated and laterally rotated to 45 degree angle

49
Q

What is the SID for Medial (external) oblique elbow?

A

40 inches

50
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Medial (external) oblique elbow?

A

Perpendicular to the elbow joint

51
Q

What is the collimation set to for Medial (external) oblique elbow?

A

3 inches proximal and distal to the elbow joint and 1 inch on the sides.

52
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Medial (external) oblique elbow?

A

Oblique projection of the elbow with the radial head and neck projected free of superimposition of the ulna

53
Q

What are the 3 evaluation criteria for Medial (external) oblique elbow?

A

Elbow joint centered and aligned to the collimated.Capitulum visible. Proper 45 degree rotation

54
Q

What are the 2 ways that show the elbow in rotated properly in Medial (external) oblique elbow?

A

Radial head, neck and tuberoisty free from superimposition of the ulna. Elongated lateral humeral epicondyle

55
Q

What are the 2 trauma elbow views

A

AP partial flexion: distal humerus AP elbow partial flexion: proximal radius/ulna

56
Q

When would the trauma views of the elbow be used?

A

When a patien cannot extend their elbow for an AP

57
Q

What do the two trauma views together equal

A

One AP view

58
Q

How is the patient positioned for the Distal Humerus?

A

Humerus is flat on the IR and collimated down to the elbow

59
Q

How is the patient position for the Proximal Radius/Ulna?

A

Forearm is flat to the table and collimated down to the elbow

60
Q

What are the 2 views for Humerus?

A

AP Lateral

61
Q

How is the patient positioned for AP Humerus?

A

Upright, facing the xray tube with arm abducted slightly and hand supinated

62
Q

What is the SID for AP Humerus?

A

40 inches

63
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for AP Humerus?

A

Perpendicular to the midportion of the humerus and the center of the IR

64
Q

What is the collimation set to for AP Humerus?

A

2 inches distal to the elbow joint and superior to the shoulder and 1 inch on the sides

65
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in AP Humerus?

A

AP projection of the entire length of the humerus with accuracy shown by the epicondyles.

66
Q

What are the 2 evaluation criteria for AP Humerus?

A

Entire head of humerus to the elbow joint. No rotation.

67
Q

What are the 2 ways that show no rotation in AP Humerus?

A

Maximum visibility of humeral epicondyles. Humeral head and greater tubercle seen in profile

68
Q

How is the patient positioned for Lateral Humerus?

A

Upright, facing the xray tube with arm internally rotated, elbow flexed 90 degrees and anterior hand placed on hip

69
Q

What is the SID for Lateral Humerus?

A

40 inches

70
Q

What is angle of the Central Ray for Lateral Humerus?

A

Perpendicular to the midportion of the humerus and the center of the IR

71
Q

What is the collimation set to for Lateral Humerus?

A

2 inches distal to the elbow joint and superior to the shoulder and 1 inch on the sides

72
Q

What are the structures demonstrated in Lateral Humerus?

A

Lateral projection of the entire length of the humerus with accuracy shown by the superimposed epicondyles.

73
Q

What are the 4 evaluation criteria for Lateral Humerus?

A

Elbow and shoulder joints. Superimposed humeral epicondyles. Lesser tubercle in profile. Greater tubercle superimposed over the head of the humerus

74
Q

For the lateral projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned?

A

90 degrees

75
Q

True or false. The hand should be pronated for the lateral projection.

A

FALSE

76
Q

For the AP projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned?

A

Fully extended

77
Q

If the hand is pronated for the AP projection of the forearm, what will the image demonstrate?

A

Radius and ulna crossed over each other

78
Q

For the AP projection of the elbow, why should the hand be positioned with the palm facing up?

A

To prevent rotation of the bones of the forearm

79
Q

For the lateral projection of the elbow, how should the hand be adjusted?

A

Lateral with the thumb side up

80
Q

How many degrees of flexion of the elbow are necessary for the lateral projection?

A

90 degrees

81
Q

How should the humeral epicondyles appear in the image of the lateral projection of the elbow?

A

Superimposed

82
Q

How much medial rotation of the elbow is needed to position it for AP oblique projections?

A

45 degrees

83
Q

Which AP oblique projection positioning movement (medial rotation or lateral rotation) requires the hand to be pronated?

A

Medial rotation

84
Q

For the AP distal humerus projection (partially flexed elbow), what part of the upper extremity should be parallel and in contact with the IR?

A

Distal humerus

85
Q

For the AP proximal forearm projection (partially flexed elbow), what part of the upper extremity should be parallel and in contact with the IR?

A

Radius and ulna

86
Q

How should the hand be placed for the AP projection of the humerus?

A

Supinated

87
Q

The superimposition of what structures confirm that a true lateral image was produced in a Lateral Humerus?

A

Humeral epicondyles

Radiographic Procedures (9 decks)

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