Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

► Med Misc 47 > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the lower extremity?

A

Weight bearing, locomotion, maintenance of equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the appendicular skeleton of the lower extremity?

A

Lower extremity attaches to the axia skelton via the pevlic girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes up the pevlis?

A

Innomiate

Sacrum

coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the sex differences with pevlic girdle?

A

subpubic angle (angle formed by pubic symphysis) in men is much smaller 70° than women, 90-100°

this makes the females have greater sacral width and great flare of iliac bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are implications of a female plevis?

A

brings proximal aspect of femur more laterally on body, knees more likely to be knock-kneed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up the innominate?

A

ilium

ischium (inferior posterior)

pubic (inferior anterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is number 9?

A

Iliac Crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the iliac crest?

Att:

A

located superiorly, on the lateral side of the ilium.

Att: ilacus, latissiumus dorsi, tensor fasciae latae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the anterior interior iliac spine?

Att:

A

just inferior to iliac crest on anterior side of ilium.

rectus femoris m and iliofemoral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is 1?

Att:

A

Posterior superior iliac spine

gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is 3?

Function?

A

Greater sciatic notch

transmits piriformis m, superior and inferior gluteal A and V, internal pudendal a and v, sciatic, pudendal, and Sup and inf. gluteal n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the gluteal surface?

att:

A

body and lateral side of the ilium

att: gluteus maximum, medium, minimum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is number 1?

attachments:

A

iliac fossa or wing of ilium

iliacus m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is number 6 and 7?

What does this include?

A

Sacropelvic surface

1) iliac tuberosity (7)
2) Articular surface (6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the attachments of the illiac tuberosity?

A

dorsal sacroiliac, interossesous sacroiliac, iliolumbar lig, quadratus lumborum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is 5 and anteriorly to 5?

A

Public crest and pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What attaches to public crest?

A

rectus abdominis

adductor longus m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what attaches to pubic tubercle?

A

inguinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is number 2?

What does it consist of?

A

Superior pubic ramus

1) pecten public (pectineal line)
2) obturator groove
3) iliopubic eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Superior pubic ramus attachments

A

pectineus, obturator internus, obturator externus, pubofemoral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pectineal line attachments

A

conjoined tendon, lacunar and pectineal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

obturator groove location

A

Groove on superioer part of pubic bone in obturator foramen

Transmist obturator n, a, v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Iliopubic eminence location

att

A

loc: border between ilium and pubic
att: obturator internus m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is 4?

Function?

A

Lesser sciatic notch

transmists obturator internus tendon, pudendal n., interal pudendal a and v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is number 5?

Att

A

Ischial Spine

at: supraspinous ligament, superior gemellus m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where is the ischial ramus?

A

located just posteriorly to the pubis on border of obturator foramen. Anerior connects with pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

attachemnts of anterior ischial ramus surface

A

obturator externus

adductor magnus m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

attachments to posterior surface of ischial ramus

A

obturator internus m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is 6?

Attachments

A

Ischial tuberosity

sacrotuberous ligament, gamellus inferior, adductor magnus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, quadratus femoris m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the hole in the inominate?

Func:

att:

A

Obturator foramen

function; transmists obturator n, a, v

att: obturator internus and externus m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Development of inominate bone

A

Ischiopubic ramus fuses at 7-8 years

full fushion at 15-25 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the bottom line represent?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

conncets posterior of superior iliac spine and lateral margin of sacrum to ischial tuberosity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what does top line represent?

A

sacrospinous ligament

ischial spine to lateral margin of sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the ligament stabalizers of the SI joint?

A

sacrospinous lig.

sacrotuberous lig.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments have in common?

A

both are stabalizers of SI joint of pelvis.

Both attach to lateral aspect of the sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What boundaries make up the sciatic foramina?

A

Anterior sacroiliac lig.

sacrotuberous lig.

sacrospinous lig

greater sciatic notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what boundaries make up lesser sciatic foramen?

A

spine of ischium

sacrotuberous lig.

tuberosity of ischium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the contents of the greater sciatic foramen?

A

piriformis, sciatic n., posterior femoral cutaneous nerve., superior gluteal vessels, inferior gluteal vessels, internal pudendal vessels, pudendal n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the contents of the lesser sciatic foramina?

A

obturatory internus

internal pudendeal vessels

pudendal n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where does the head of the femur reside?

A

in the acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

holds the head of the femur to make the hip joint.

projects lateral, anterior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Which direction does the head of the femur project?

A

medially, anteriorly, superiorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does the acetabulum surface consist of?

A

lunate surface (incomplete) that is closed off by transver acetablar ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the sacroiliac joint?

class

movement

A

joint between articular surface of ilium and the articular surface of sacrum.

synovial place (gliding)

mv: slight contribution towards pelvid movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is pubic symphysis joint?

Class

A

joint connecting the two pubis together

symphysis joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the joint at the hip?

A

Synovial ball and socket.

Mvmt: FE, Abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q
A

Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is this?

A

Extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is this?

A

Lateral ritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is this?

A

Medial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is this?

A

Abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is this?

A

Adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is circumduction?

A

combination of all movements FE, Rotation, AA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Genu Valgum

A

Medical tern for knock-knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Genu varum

A

medical term for bow-legged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Normal angle of inclication for hip joint

What is angle of inclination?

A

125

formed between lines of by head and neck of femur with shaft of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Coxa Valga

A

Angle of inclination greater than 125°

leads to genu varum (blowed legs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What are the consequences of coxa valga?

A

lengthens lower extremity

increases load on femoral head, decreases load on femoral neck.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Coxa vera

A

angle of inclination below 125°

leads to genu valgum knocked knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Consequences of coxa vara

A

shortens lower extremity

reduces load on femoral head, increases load on femoral neck

risk of osteoarthritis on head, and risk of frature in neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Q Angle men vs women

A

Quadriceps angle

angle between shaft of femur and tibia

men 12°

women 17°

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Angle of torsion

A

angle of axis of femoral head in relation to the axis of femoral condyle at the knee. Normal is 8-15°

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Anteversion

A

proximal aspect of femur is rotated more anteriorly in angle of torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

retroversion

A

decreased angle of torsion of femur

Twisted posteriorly, all the way down to 0°

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Anteversion

A

increased angle of torsion

pigeon toed

increased angle on femur, foot is not longer able to keep this rotation and keep good contact in acetabulum, therefore lower extremity must rotate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Retroversion

A

decreased angle of torsion

duck feet

to increase maximal contact, lower extremity must rotate outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

HIp Joint

classification

movement

A

synovial ball and socket, wrapped in firbour joint capsule.

F/E, AA, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

what is the fibrous joint capsule?

A

attaches from margin of acetabulum to the neck, intertrocahntic line and interochanteric crest of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is this?

attachments:

function:

A

iliofemoral ligament

anterior inferior iliac spine to interochanteric line of femur

limits extension of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What are the capsular ligaments?

A

pubofemoral

ischiofemoral

iliofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What is the lower line pointing towards?

A

ischiofemoral ligament

from ischitium posterior to the greater trochanter and iliofemoral ligament

assist iliofemoral in limiting extension of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What is the lower line pointing towards?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

from iliopublic eminence and superior pubic ramus to the fibrous capsule

limits abduction of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

what do the capsular ligaments do?

A

limit the extension of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is the ligament of the femoral head?

A

goes from fovea from femoral head to acetbular notch

not supporting role of joint capsule

aid in weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Hip Dislocation

A

posterior dislocation 9:1 anterior

interferes with ischiofemoral ligamen and ligamentum teres.

could impinge or break sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Fascia Lata

A

Deep fascia fo the thigh, wraps around entire circumference.

extension of the inguinal ligament outside the fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What are the subtypes of fascia lata?

A

Iliotubial tract

lateral intermuscular septum

medial intermuscular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

fascia lata that extens from tesnor fascia lata and gluteus maximum to the proximal lateral tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

what is the lateral intermuscular septum?

A

attaches to the linea aspera and separates the anterior and posterior compartmetns of the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What is the left red line?

right red line?

A

lateral intermusclar seputm in the thigh

medial intermuscular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Femoral Sheath

A

distal continuation of ilacus fascia and trasversalis fascia inferior to inguinal ligament

contains femoral a,v, canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

gluteus maximum

attach

A

for erector spinae, sacrum, acrotuberous ligament and gluteal surface of ilium to gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus maximum?

A

extends and laterally rotates thigh

tenses fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Gluteus medius

A

lies anteriorly and superiorly to gluteus maximus

from external iliac surface to the lateral aspect of great trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

gluteus medius actions

A

abducts and medially rotates thigh

keeps pevlis upright when lifting one leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

innervation of gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

deepest of the gluteus muscles

from the external iliac surface to the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

gluteus minimus actions

A

abducts and medially rotates thigh

keeps pelvis upright with lifiing one leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

innervation of gluteus minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

What are the major differences between gluteal maximus, minimus, and medius?

A

Max: most superficial, extends and laterally rorates thigh, inferior gluteal nerve

Med: intermediate; abducts and medially rotates thigh, super GN

Min: deep, abducts and medially rotates thigh, superior GN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Trendelenburg gait

A

weakened of ineffective gluteus medius or minimus

with small weakness, pelvis on other side (ipsilateral) sags.

in Duchenne’s limp, overcompesation by other pevlis and it tilts upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

What are the lateral rotators muscles of the hip?

A

piriformis

super gemellus

obturator internus

inferior gemellus

quadratus femoris

quadratus femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Piriformis

attach

A

for the anterolateral sacrum to the greater trochanter of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Piriformis

action:

A

abducts and laterally rotates hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

innervation of piriformis

A

lumosacral plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

superior gemellus

A

ischial spine to obturator internus tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

Gemellus action

A

laterally rotates thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

gemellus innervation

A

sacral plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

Gemellus inferior

A

ischital tuberosity to obturator internus tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Obturator internus

A

inbetween gemellus superior and inferior

anterolateral wall of pelvis, obturator foramen and obturator membrane –> medial surface of great trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

which three muscles merge on obturator internus tendon?

A

gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, and obturator internus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

from ischial tuberosity to quadrate tubercle of the femur.

most inferior of the lateral rotators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

quatratus femoris action

A

laterally rotates thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

innervation of quadratus femoris?

A

sacral plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

Obturator externus

A

most anterior lateral rotating muscle

from exteral aspect of rim of obturator foramen to trochanteric fossa.

inferior to gemallus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

what is obturator externus innervated with?

A

obturator nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

Where are the external rotator muscles located?

A

posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

Where are the internal muscles located?

A

anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

Anterior compartment of the thigh

A

innevated by femoral nerve

flexors of hip, extensors of knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

Posterior compartments of thigh

A

innervated by sciatic nerve

extensors of hip, flexors of knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

medial compartment of thigh

A

obturator nerve territory

adductors of thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

Anterior compartment of thigh muscles

A

rectus femoris

vastus medialis

vastus lateralis

vastus intermedius

sartorius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

action of anterior muscles of thigh

A

flex hip, extend knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

anterior of thigh innervation and blood supply

A

femoral nerve and artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

Medial compartment of thigh muscles

A

adductor longus

adductor brevis

adductor magnus

gracilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

action of medial compartment of thigh

A

adduct and medially rotate thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

medial compartment innervation and blood supply

A

obturator n and a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

dual innervation

Adductor part innervated by obturator n

hamstring part innervated by sciatic (tibial) n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

Posterior compartment of thigh

A

hamstring

biceps femoris, long and short heads

semimembranosus

semitendinosus

121
Q

function of posterior compartment of thigh

A

extend hip and flex knee

122
Q

innervation and blood supply of posterior compartment of thigh

A

tibial dividsion of sciatic n.

profunda femoris a.

123
Q

Lateral aspect of thigh

A

Iliotibial tract (or band)

no lateral compartment

124
Q

What is the iliotibial band?

A

thickening of fascia lata

gluteus maximum and tensor fasciae latae attach

125
Q

Femoral Nerve Course

A

saphenous branch descends through femoral triangle, enter adductor canal

Deep to inguinal ligament

126
Q

What vertebraes does the femoral nerve correspond to?

A

L2-4

127
Q

Obturator nerve course

A

emergens inferior to pubic ramus

anterior branch is superior to adductor brevis, inferior to adductor longus

Posterior inferior to adductor brevis

128
Q

where does obturator nerve originate?

A

L2-4

129
Q

Sciatic nerve course

A

on posterior aspect of thigh, Between great trochanter and ischial tuberosity. Then it splits and common fibular innervates biceps short head, and tibial innervates long head

130
Q

Femoral triangle border

A

inguinal ligament

adductor longus

sartorius

131
Q

Contents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral n, a, v

132
Q

Artery supply of femur for children for adults

A

Children: obturator a

adults: primarily becomes circumflex femoral a.

133
Q

Avascular necrosis

A

reduced femoral blood supply due to disloaction or fracture

134
Q

Joints of the knee

A

tibiofemoral

patellofemoral

superior (proximal) tibiofibular

135
Q

Femoral condyle morphology

A

tiba externally and laterally rotates as knee reachs full extension due to larger medial femoryl condyle

incrase stability to knee

136
Q

Knee joint

class

movement

A

synovial bi-condylar hinge (complex

E/F, medial lateral rotation

137
Q

Superior tibiofibular joint

A

synovial plane (gliding)

138
Q

Popliteus muscle

A

posteior to knee

from lateral femoral condyle to sleal line of the tibia

139
Q

popliteus function/action

A

unlocks knee during flexion

140
Q

Which is bigger lateral or medial facet on patella?

A

Lateral

141
Q

Bursae

A

extension of the joint capsule at the knee

142
Q

Fibrous capsule of knee

A

margins of femoral condyles to margins of tibial condyles

143
Q

Cruciate ligamments in the knee

A

Anterior cruciate

posterior cruciate

144
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

in knee joint

medial part of anterior intercondylar tibia to posterior part of the intercondylar fossa of femur.

More lateral than PCL

Anterior to PCL

145
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

from posterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral surface of the intercondylar fossa

posterior and medial to ACL

146
Q

What are the functions of ACL and PCL?

A

ACL: prevents anterior displacement of tibia and posterior dispalcement of femur. prevents hyperextension

PCL: prevents posterior displacement of tibia; prevent anterior dispacement of femur

147
Q

Tibial (medial) collateral

A

Knee ligament on medial side

connects medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle and shaft of tibia.

Function: prevents abduction of tibia

injured by glow to outside of knee

148
Q

Fibular (lateral) collateral

A

resists bow legged stress genu varus

ligament on lateral side connecting lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

Injured by inside blow to the knee

149
Q

in genu valgum, which is stressed MCL or LCL?

A

MCL

150
Q

what is stressed in genu varum, MCL or LCL?

A

LCL

151
Q

Menisci

A

fibrocarilaginous shock absorbers in the knee, decrease friction, increase contact area

medial and lateral

152
Q

medial meniscus

A

attaches to anterior and posterior regions of intercondylar area of tibia and fibrous capsule at TCL

larger menisc

forms C

153
Q

Lateral menisci

A

attaches anterior and posterior regions of intercondylar area of tibia

smaller, forms O

154
Q

Meniscectomy

A

removal of mensicus, old procedure.

increased wear of articular cartilage

increased risk of degenerative joint disease

total knee replacemnt necessary

155
Q

Mensici blood supply

A

greatest in peripheral 1/3 and least in central

156
Q

crural interosseous membrane

A

spans margins of tibia and fibula

157
Q

Ankle joint

A

talocrurcal

synovial hinge

allows for dorsiflexion/plantar flexion movement

158
Q

joints of foot

A

talocalcaneal joint

tarsometatarsal joints

mentatarsophalangeal joint

interphalangeal joints

159
Q

Characterisics of inter phalangeal joints

A

head of one phalanx to base of distal one

syovial hing

flexion and extension

160
Q

Crural Fascia

A

continuous with fascia lata, but covers crural leg

also forms comparments

thickening forms retinacula

161
Q

Talocrural fascia

A

superior extensor

inferior extensor

superior peroneal

inferior peroneal

162
Q

what muscles provide knee support

A

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

163
Q

interphalangeal joint

A

head of on phalanx to base of distal one

hinge

flexion and extension

164
Q

superior extensor retinacula

A

distal tibia to distal fibula

165
Q

inferior extensor retinaculum

A

extens from calcaneus to the navicular and medial malleolus

166
Q

superior peroneal retinaculum

A

lateral malleolus to calcaneus

167
Q

inferior peroneal retinaculum

A

inferior extensor retinaculum to calcaneus

168
Q

anterior crural intermuscular septum

A

anterior fibular border

separates anterior and lateral leg comparments

169
Q

posterior crural inter muscular septum

A

attaches to posterior tibia border

separates lateral and posterior comparments

170
Q

deep transverse fascia

A

separates superficial and deep posterior compartment of muscles

171
Q

compartment syndrome

A

trauma, overuse, hemorrhage, infection produce edema or hemmorage within the comparments

can be anterior or posteior

increased pressure compresses nerves and vessles and compromises leg function

perform a fasciotomy

172
Q

fasciotomy

A

incision in the skin, fascia removed, skin grafted

173
Q

anterior vs. posterior compartment syndrome

A

ant: most common, weakness if dorsiflex or toe extension and parasthesia over the dorsum of the foot.

Deep posterior: weakness in two flexion and inversion, parastehsias in plantar aspects

superficial posterior: weakness in plantarflexion, dorsolateral hypoesthesia

174
Q

common fibular nerve

A

deep to proximal fibularis longus

curves lateral to neck of fibula

splits deep to fibularis longus

175
Q

superficial fibular nerve course

A

begins at bifrication of common fibular n.

supplies fibularis longus and brevis

emerges as cuteansous branch around ankle

176
Q

Deep fibular n. course

A

approaches interosseus membrane

between tibials ant and extensor hallucis longus

descends with anterior tibial a.

177
Q

tibial n. course

A

joins with popliteal a. and v.

continues on with the posterior tibial a.

gives off sural n.

splits into lateral and medial plantar nn in foot.

178
Q

tarsal tunnel

A

posterior tibia a and v

tibial n.

tibialis posterior

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

179
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

entrapment and compression of tibial nerve.

edema and tightness in ankle involveing synovial sheaths

pain, tingling, numbness in plantar aspect, weaknessof intrinsic foot muscles

180
Q

Ankel inversion sprain

A

90% of these are sprains.

rolling plam of foot inward

181
Q

ankle sprain grade 1

A

ligament stretch, macroscopic tearing

little swelling and tendernes

no ligamentous laxity

little to no loss of function

182
Q

ankle sprain grade 2

A

partial tear of ligament

mod. pain and welling

mild to moderate ligamentous laxity

moderate loss of function

183
Q

grade III ankle sprain

A

complete ligament rupture and/or failure of load carrying capacity

severe swelling, pain, and hemorrhage

considerable ligamentous laxity

total loss of function

184
Q

supporting strucutres of medial longitudinal arch

A

plantar aponeurosis, plantar calcaneovicular lig.

185
Q

support for transverse arch

A

fibularis longus

186
Q

plantar ligaments

A

short plantar (plantar calcaneocuboid) deep to long plantar

plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)

187
Q

where is the thickest skin on the body?

A

overlying the heep

188
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

the fibrous structure on bottomo fthe foot. from proximal calcaneous to each of the five toes

189
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

2 million americans

10% experience it

inflammation caused by overstrech or overuse

pain with palpation of attachment

most affects men 40-70yo

no heel spurrs needed

190
Q

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

A

cenetereda round pelvic area on surface fo skin

drain from superficial structures inferior to the umbilicus except for the anus and glans of the clitoris or penis

191
Q

deep inguinal lymph nodes

A

deep in pelvis

drain deep tissue of the thigh, the popliteal notes, and the superficial inguinal nodes

192
Q

popliteal lymph nodes

A

dreain the knee and deep deep tissues of the leg and foot.

condisdered deep nodes

193
Q

lymph nodes of lower extremities

A

superifical inguinal

deep inguinal

popliteal

194
Q

what do deep inguinal lyph nodes give rise to

A

lympthatic trunks

195
Q

what doe lympathit trunks give rise to…

A

cisterna chyli

196
Q
A
197
Q
A
198
Q
A
199
Q
A
200
Q
A
201
Q
A
202
Q
A
203
Q
A
204
Q
A
205
Q
A
206
Q
A
207
Q
A
208
Q
A
209
Q
A
210
Q
A
211
Q
A
212
Q
A
213
Q
A
214
Q
A
215
Q
A
216
Q
A
217
Q
A
218
Q
A
219
Q
A
220
Q
A
221
Q
A
222
Q
A
223
Q
A
224
Q
A
225
Q
A
226
Q
A
227
Q
A
228
Q
A
229
Q
A
230
Q
A
231
Q
A
232
Q
A
233
Q
A
234
Q
A
235
Q
A
236
Q
A
237
Q
A
238
Q
A
239
Q
A
240
Q
A
241
Q
A
242
Q
A
243
Q
A
244
Q
A
245
Q
A
246
Q
A
247
Q
A
248
Q
A
249
Q
A
250
Q
A
251
Q
A
252
Q
A
253
Q
A
254
Q
A
255
Q
A
256
Q
A
257
Q
A
258
Q
A
259
Q
A
260
Q
A
261
Q
A
262
Q
A
263
Q
A
264
Q
A
265
Q
A
266
Q
A
267
Q
A
268
Q
A
269
Q
A
270
Q
A
271
Q
A
272
Q
A
273
Q
A
274
Q
A
275
Q
A
276
Q
A
277
Q
A
278
Q
A
279
Q
A
280
Q
A
281
Q
A
282
Q
A
283
Q
A
284
Q
A
285
Q
A
286
Q
A
287
Q
A
288
Q
A
289
Q
A
290
Q
A
291
Q
A
292
Q
A
293
Q
A
294
Q
A
295
Q
A
296
Q
A
297
Q
A
298
Q
A

► Med Misc 47 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions