lower extremity Flashcards
how many bones are in the foot
26
how many tarsal bones are in the foot
7
what is the largest tarsal bone
calcaneus
what are the seven bones tarsal bones
calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, three cuniforms
what is the second largest tarsal bone
talus
where is the CR for a AP or AP axial foot
perpendicular to base of 3rd metatarsal
where is the CR for a axial calcaneus
40 degrees cephalic, enters plantar surface at base of third metatarsal
what is another name for axial calcaneus
planto dorsal
what is another name for calcaneus
oscalsis
where is the CR for AP ankle
perpendicular through ankle to midway between the malleoli
where is the CR for a LAT ankle
perpendicular to medial malleolus
how much do you angle the foot for a AP oblique mortise joint
leg and foot rotated medially 15 to 20 degrees
what is a jones fracture
an avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal
what is a potts fracture
avulsion fracture of the lower part of the medial malleolus with loss of ankle mortise
how many bones are in the leg
two
what are the names of the two bones of the leg
tibia and fibula
the tibia is located on medial or lateral side
medial
the fibula is located on medial or lateral side
lateral
where is the CR for a AP tib/fib (leg)
perpendicular to center of leg
what is the largest bone in the body
femur
the head of the femur articulates with
acetabulum of pelvis
where is the CR for a AP knee
1/2 inch below patella
how much should the knee be flexed for a LAT knee
20 - 30 degrees
camp coventry method is also known as
PA axial tunnel intercondylar fossa
how much is the knee flexed for the PA axial tunnel intercondylar fossa
40 to 50 degrees
where is the CR for camp coventry method
perpendicular to long axis of leg, angle tube 40 to 50 degrees to the flexed knee
how should the leg be placed for a AP proximal femur
limb rotated internally 15 to 20 degrees to place femoral necks in profile
the top of the IR for a AP femur proximal is at
the ASIS
where is the bottom of the IR for a AP femur distal
2 inches below the knee
where are some of the common sites a hip can fracture
neck of the femur, anatomical neck of the femur, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, intertrochanter crest,
what are the parts of the pelvis
ilium, ishium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx
what is unique about the male pelvis
heavier, narrower, deeper, angle at pubic symphysis is acute
what is unique about the female pelvis
wider, shallower, lighter, angle at pubic symphysis is obtuse
what are other names for the hip bones
ox coxae, innominate
the acetabulum articulates with
head of the femur
how much of the ilium make up the acetabulum
2/5
how much of the ischium make up the acetabulum
2/5
how much of the pubis make up the acetabulum
1/5
how much do you rotate the limb for a AP hip
15 - 20 degrees
true or false : if the patient has a hip replacement the whole entire prosthetic must be in the film
true
sacroiliac joint (SI)
articulation between the right and left ilia and the sacrum ; irregular, gliding type
pubic symphysis
junction of right and left pubic bones in the midline ; cartilaginous, slightly movable joint
for a AP pelvis how much are the feet inverted
15-20 degrees
how much should the heels be abducted for a AP pelvis
8-10 inches
osgood-schlatter
incomplete separation or avulsion of tibial tuberosity. common in young soccer players
osteomalacia or rickets
softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency ;
osteoporosis
disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture, usually the bon loses density
bone cyst
fluid dilled hole that develops inside a bone
how many bones are in the leg
2
what is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus
40 degrees
the central ray is directed to which of the following for an AP or AP axial projection of the foot
base of the third metatarsal
for an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the foot is
90 degrees from the plane of the IR
the superior surface of the foot is termed the
dorsal surface
where is the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle
over the posterior half of the tibia
the two flatline superior surfaces of the tibia are called the
tibial plateaus
an avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal is called a ______ fracture
jones
where should the CR enter the patient for the AP projection of the knee
1/2 inch below the apex of the patella
what is the name given to the distal end of the fibula
lateral malleolus
