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x-ray > lower extremity > Flashcards

lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones are in the foot

A

26

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2
Q

how many tarsal bones are in the foot

A

7

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3
Q

what is the largest tarsal bone

A

calcaneus

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4
Q

what are the seven bones tarsal bones

A

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, three cuniforms

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5
Q

what is the second largest tarsal bone

A

talus

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6
Q

where is the CR for a AP or AP axial foot

A

perpendicular to base of 3rd metatarsal

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7
Q

where is the CR for a axial calcaneus

A

40 degrees cephalic, enters plantar surface at base of third metatarsal

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8
Q

what is another name for axial calcaneus

A

planto dorsal

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9
Q

what is another name for calcaneus

A

oscalsis

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10
Q

where is the CR for AP ankle

A

perpendicular through ankle to midway between the malleoli

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11
Q

where is the CR for a LAT ankle

A

perpendicular to medial malleolus

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12
Q

how much do you angle the foot for a AP oblique mortise joint

A

leg and foot rotated medially 15 to 20 degrees

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13
Q

what is a jones fracture

A

an avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal

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14
Q

what is a potts fracture

A

avulsion fracture of the lower part of the medial malleolus with loss of ankle mortise

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15
Q

how many bones are in the leg

A

two

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16
Q

what are the names of the two bones of the leg

A

tibia and fibula

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17
Q

the tibia is located on medial or lateral side

A

medial

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18
Q

the fibula is located on medial or lateral side

A

lateral

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19
Q

where is the CR for a AP tib/fib (leg)

A

perpendicular to center of leg

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20
Q

what is the largest bone in the body

A

femur

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21
Q

the head of the femur articulates with

A

acetabulum of pelvis

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22
Q

where is the CR for a AP knee

A

1/2 inch below patella

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23
Q

how much should the knee be flexed for a LAT knee

A

20 - 30 degrees

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24
Q

camp coventry method is also known as

A

PA axial tunnel intercondylar fossa

25
Q

how much is the knee flexed for the PA axial tunnel intercondylar fossa

A

40 to 50 degrees

26
Q

where is the CR for camp coventry method

A

perpendicular to long axis of leg, angle tube 40 to 50 degrees to the flexed knee

27
Q

how should the leg be placed for a AP proximal femur

A

limb rotated internally 15 to 20 degrees to place femoral necks in profile

28
Q

the top of the IR for a AP femur proximal is at

A

the ASIS

29
Q

where is the bottom of the IR for a AP femur distal

A

2 inches below the knee

30
Q

where are some of the common sites a hip can fracture

A

neck of the femur, anatomical neck of the femur, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, intertrochanter crest,

31
Q

what are the parts of the pelvis

A

ilium, ishium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx

32
Q

what is unique about the male pelvis

A

heavier, narrower, deeper, angle at pubic symphysis is acute

33
Q

what is unique about the female pelvis

A

wider, shallower, lighter, angle at pubic symphysis is obtuse

34
Q

what are other names for the hip bones

A

ox coxae, innominate

35
Q

the acetabulum articulates with

A

head of the femur

36
Q

how much of the ilium make up the acetabulum

A

2/5

37
Q

how much of the ischium make up the acetabulum

A

2/5

38
Q

how much of the pubis make up the acetabulum

A

1/5

39
Q

how much do you rotate the limb for a AP hip

A

15 - 20 degrees

40
Q

true or false : if the patient has a hip replacement the whole entire prosthetic must be in the film

A

true

41
Q

sacroiliac joint (SI)

A

articulation between the right and left ilia and the sacrum ; irregular, gliding type

42
Q

pubic symphysis

A

junction of right and left pubic bones in the midline ; cartilaginous, slightly movable joint

43
Q

for a AP pelvis how much are the feet inverted

A

15-20 degrees

44
Q

how much should the heels be abducted for a AP pelvis

A

8-10 inches

45
Q

osgood-schlatter

A

incomplete separation or avulsion of tibial tuberosity. common in young soccer players

46
Q

osteomalacia or rickets

A

softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency ;

47
Q

osteoporosis

A

disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture, usually the bon loses density

48
Q

bone cyst

A

fluid dilled hole that develops inside a bone

49
Q

how many bones are in the leg

A

2

50
Q

what is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus

A

40 degrees

51
Q

the central ray is directed to which of the following for an AP or AP axial projection of the foot

A

base of the third metatarsal

52
Q

for an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the foot is

A

90 degrees from the plane of the IR

53
Q

the superior surface of the foot is termed the

A

dorsal surface

54
Q

where is the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle

A

over the posterior half of the tibia

55
Q

the two flatline superior surfaces of the tibia are called the

A

tibial plateaus

56
Q

an avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal is called a ______ fracture

A

jones

57
Q

where should the CR enter the patient for the AP projection of the knee

A

1/2 inch below the apex of the patella

58
Q

what is the name given to the distal end of the fibula

A

lateral malleolus

x-ray (8 decks)

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