bony thorax Flashcards
what are the structures associated with the mediastinum
heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus
what is atelectasis
collapse of all or part of the lung
how much do the lungs travel between inspiration and expiration
1 1/2 inch
what is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity called
pleural effusion
what is osteomyelitis
infection of the bone or bone marrow
what is the space between the each of the ribs called
intercostal space
what is the name given to the first seven ribs
true ribs
what do we call the area between the two lungs
mediastinum
what is pectus carinatum (pigeon breast)
an overgrowth of cartilage causing the sternum to ported forward
what is pectus excavatum
congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest ; several ribs and sternum grow abnormally ; produces a caved in or sunken appearance of the chest
what gland is considered a temporary gland
thymus
what do you call the outer most edge of the lungs
costophrenic angle
a well inspired average adult chest PA projection will demonstrate a minimum of _____ ribs
10
what is the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
diaphragm
what is the accumulation of air or gas into the pleural cavity results in a condition known as
pneumothorax
the internal ridge where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is called
carina
how many lobes are in the right lung
3
how many lobes are in the left lung
2
what is included in the bony thorax
sternum, 12 pair of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae
what is the function of the bony thorax
protects heart and lungs
how long is the sternum
6 inches
what is the name given to the 8 - 10 ribs
false ribs
what is the name given to the 11 - 12 ribs
floating ribs
why are the 1 -7 ribs called true ribs
attach directly to the sternum via cartilage
why are the 8 - 10 ribs called false ribs
attach directly to the sternum via coastal cartilage at the 7th rib
why are the 11 - 12 ribs called the floating ribs
attach only to the vertebrae
what does the tubercle of the rib attach or articulate with
transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae ( costotransverse joint )
what does the head of the rib attach or articulate with
vertebral bodies of the thoracic vertebrae ( costovertebral joint )
what is the most inferior portion of the sternum called
xiphoid process
where is the top of the IR for a LAT sternum
placed so that upper border is 1 1/2 inches above jugular notch
the outer layer of the plural cavity is known as
parietal pleural
the inner layer of the pleural cavity is known as
visceral pleural
what is the space between the parietal and visceral pleural layer called
pleural cavity
the muscle of he heart is known as
myocardium
where is the upper margin of the lungs
C7
the two most important landmarks for chest positioning are
jugular notch and vertebra prominence
what does the respiratory system consist of
larynx, trachea, bronchi, two lungs
whats another name for trachea
wind pipe
what another name for larynx
voice box
how many C shaped cartilaginous rings make up the trachea
16 -20
the trachea lies ____ to the esophagus
anterior
the trachea bifurcates at the
carina
true or false : the right primary bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical than left
true
where does the exchange of air happen in the lungs
in the alveoli
what is the superior portion of the lungs called
apex
what is the interior portion of the lungs called
base
true or false : the apex of the lungs reach above the clavicles
true
how do the lungs move during inspiration
inferiorly
how do the lungs move during expiration
superiorly
aspirated foreign objects are more likely to lodge in the
right primary bronchus
the lungs are composed of a light, spongy, highly elastic substance called
the parenchyma
what is the breathing instruction given to the patient for a PA chest
2nd full deep inspiration
what is the SID for a PA chest
72
