Density, contrast, detail, distortion

Question 1

high contrast

Answer 1

narrow latitude ; few shades of gray ; increased contrast ; low kvp ; short scale

Question 2

low contrast

Answer 2

wide latitude ; many shades of gray ; decreased contrast ; high kvp ; long scale

Question 3

the primary controlling factor of radiography contrast is

Answer 3

kvp

Question 4

the ability to visualize very small structures on a radiograph is termed

Answer 4

recorded detail

Question 5

density is primarily controlled by varying the

Answer 5

mAs

Question 6

density

Answer 6

overall blackness of the radiograph

Question 7

contrast

Answer 7

difference in density between the adjacent areas of the image

Question 8

mAS controls

Answer 8

quantity

Question 9

kvp controls

Answer 9

quality ; penetrating ability

Question 10

underexposed

Answer 10

film that has too little density

Question 11

overexposed

Answer 11

film that has too much density

Question 12

radiolucency

Answer 12

indicates greater transparency

Question 13

radiopacity

Answer 13

refers to the relative inability of x-rays to pass through a particular material

Question 14

name the four radiographic exposure factors

Answer 14

mA, time, kV, SID

Question 15

inverse square law

Answer 15

the intensity of the beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance ; the further away the beam is the less intense it becomes ; the closer it gets the more intense it gets

Question 16

when the distance is cut exactly in half (i.e. 72 to 36 SID)

Answer 16

we use a 1/4 of the original mAs

Question 17

when the SID is doubled exactly (i.e. 36 to 72 SID)

Answer 17

we would increase the mAs by a factor of 4

Question 18

15% percent rule

Answer 18

increase in kVp increases penetration which makes the film darker ; will double or halve the film density

Question 19

if the temperature of the developer increases

Answer 19

density on the film increases

Question 20

coherent scattering

Answer 20

the photon enters the atom, the photons energy is momentarily transferred to the atom causing and exited state, the energy is given up by the atom as a photon of the same energy but with an altered direction ; known as thompson scatter ; occurs at energy level of 10kev(below 40 kV)

Question 21

compton scatter

Answer 21

occurs when an x-ray photon collides with an outer orbital electron of an atom, the electron is ejected from its orbit, the photon is deflected from its path and continues with decreased energy as a scattered photon ; occurs at energy level of 40 to 125kvp ; travels in all directions ; as kVp increases Compton interactions will also increase

Question 22

photoelectric effect

Answer 22

occurs when an x-ray photon collides with an inner-shell orbital electron of an atom, the photon’s energy is absorbed in the process of ejecting the electron, when an outer orbital electron moves to the inner orbit to fill the space vacated by the departing electron, the difference in binding energy between the two electron shells is emitted in the form of a new characteristic photon an secondary radiation

Question 23

grids

Answer 23

precision instruments designed for the single purpose of absorbing scatter radiation ; placed between the patient and the film

Question 24

recorded detail

Answer 24

degree of geometric sharpness or accuracy of the structural lines actually in the radiographic image